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The role of coupling among brain regions between the default mode network and the "Mesocircuit" Model in arousal in disorders of consciousness.

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Title: The role of coupling among brain regions between the default mode network and the "Mesocircuit" Model in arousal in disorders of consciousness.
Authors: Li Y; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Bai K; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Miao J; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Qin X; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Cui J; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Shen Q; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Zhou Y; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China., Miao X; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Source: Frontiers in neurology [Front Neurol] 2026 Aug 04; Vol. 17, pp. 1829610. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 04 (Print Publication: 2026).
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Frontiers Research Foundation Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101546899 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1664-2295 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16642295 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Lausanne : Frontiers Research Foundation, 2010]-
MeSH Terms: Consciousness Disorders*/physiopathology , Consciousness Disorders*/diagnostic imaging , Default Mode Network*/physiopathology , Default Mode Network*/diagnostic imaging , Arousal*/physiology , Nerve Net*/physiopathology , Nerve Net*/diagnostic imaging , Brain*/physiopathology , Brain*/diagnostic imaging , Connectome*, Gyrus Cinguli/physiopathology ; Gyrus Cinguli/diagnostic imaging ; Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology ; Prefrontal Cortex/diagnostic imaging ; Globus Pallidus/physiopathology ; Globus Pallidus/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Models, Neurological
Abstract: Introduction: This study examined the association between inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) strength and arousal, and explored how interactions between the default mode network (DMN) and the brain regions of the "Mesocircuit" Model influence consciousness generation and recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC).
Methods: Thirty DoC patients [eight in coma, 10 in vegetative state (VS), 12 in minimally conscious state (MCS)] from the Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed regions included DMN cores [posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the "Mesocircuit" Model core external globus pallidus (GPe)]; FC and correlation analyses were performed.
Results: Results showed that compared with VS/MCS groups, the coma group had weaker FC between PCC and left anterior cingulate gyrus/right middle temporal gyrus/GPe, and between mPFC and right superior frontal gyrus/left supramarginal gyrus/GPe, but stronger FC between mPFC/PCC and bilateral central lateral thalamus (CL). For GPe-seeded FC, the coma group had reduced FC with DMN nodes (PCC/mPFC) and left CL, but increased FC with right CL. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations of PCC-mPFC, PCC-GPe, mPFC-GPe, and GPe-CL_L FC with CRS-R/GCS scores, and negative associations of PCC-CL, mPFC-CL, and GPe-CL_R FC with these scores.
Conclusion: The functional integrity of the DMN and the "Mesocircuit" Model, as well as the FC between their brain regions, are closely related to the consciousness level of patients with DoC. PCC-GPe, PCC-mPFC, GPe-CL_L, and PCC-CL FC may serve as neurobiological markers for DoC diagnosis and prognosis, aiding precise management.
(Copyright © 2026 Li, Bai, Miao, Qin, Cui, Shen, Zhou and Miao.)
Competing Interests: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: default mode network; disorders of consciousness; external globus pallidus; medial prefrontal cortex; posterior cingulate cortex; “Mesocircuit” Model
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260820 Date Completed: 20260820 Latest Revision: 20260821
Update Code: 20260821
PubMed Central ID: PMC13487418
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1829610
PMID: 42620951
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: The role of coupling among brain regions between the default mode network and the "Mesocircuit" Model in arousal in disorders of consciousness.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Y%22">Li Y</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bai+K%22">Bai K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miao+J%22">Miao J</searchLink>; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Qin+X%22">Qin X</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cui+J%22">Cui J</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shen+Q%22">Shen Q</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+Y%22">Zhou Y</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.; Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Miao+X%22">Miao X</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101546899%22">Frontiers in neurology</searchLink> [Front Neurol] 2026 Aug 04; Vol. 17, pp. 1829610. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 04 (<i>Print Publication: </i>2026).
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Frontiers+Research+Foundation%22">Frontiers Research Foundation </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101546899 <i>Publication Model: </i>eCollection <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1664-2295 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2216642295%22">16642295 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Front Neurol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: This study examined the association between inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) strength and arousal, and explored how interactions between the default mode network (DMN) and the brain regions of the "Mesocircuit" Model influence consciousness generation and recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC).<br />Methods: Thirty DoC patients [eight in coma, 10 in vegetative state (VS), 12 in minimally conscious state (MCS)] from the Department of Neurosurgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Seed regions included DMN cores [posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the "Mesocircuit" Model core external globus pallidus (GPe)]; FC and correlation analyses were performed.<br />Results: Results showed that compared with VS/MCS groups, the coma group had weaker FC between PCC and left anterior cingulate gyrus/right middle temporal gyrus/GPe, and between mPFC and right superior frontal gyrus/left supramarginal gyrus/GPe, but stronger FC between mPFC/PCC and bilateral central lateral thalamus (CL). For GPe-seeded FC, the coma group had reduced FC with DMN nodes (PCC/mPFC) and left CL, but increased FC with right CL. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations of PCC-mPFC, PCC-GPe, mPFC-GPe, and GPe-CL_L FC with CRS-R/GCS scores, and negative associations of PCC-CL, mPFC-CL, and GPe-CL_R FC with these scores.<br />Conclusion: The functional integrity of the DMN and the "Mesocircuit" Model, as well as the FC between their brain regions, are closely related to the consciousness level of patients with DoC. PCC-GPe, PCC-mPFC, GPe-CL_L, and PCC-CL FC may serve as neurobiological markers for DoC diagnosis and prognosis, aiding precise management.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Li, Bai, Miao, Qin, Cui, Shen, Zhou and Miao.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>default mode network; disorders of consciousness; external globus pallidus; medial prefrontal cortex; posterior cingulate cortex; “Mesocircuit” Model
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260820 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260820 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260821
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  Group: Date
  Data: 20260821
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  Data: PMC13487418
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1829610
– Name: AN
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  Data: 42620951
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42620951
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.3389/fneur.2026.1829610
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
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        StartPage: 1829610
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Gyrus Cinguli physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gyrus Cinguli diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prefrontal Cortex physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prefrontal Cortex diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Globus Pallidus physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Globus Pallidus diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adult
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Middle Aged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Models, Neurological
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Consciousness Disorders physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Consciousness Disorders diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Default Mode Network physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Default Mode Network diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Arousal physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nerve Net physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nerve Net diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain diagnostic imaging
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Connectome
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: The role of coupling among brain regions between the default mode network and the "Mesocircuit" Model in arousal in disorders of consciousness.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Li Y
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            NameFull: Shen Q
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            – D: 04
              M: 08
              Text: 2026 Aug 04
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1664-2295
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 17
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Frontiers in neurology
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