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Dynamic competitive mechanism of spatial representations in implicit and explicit numerical processing: Evidence from behavior and ERPs.

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Τίτλος: Dynamic competitive mechanism of spatial representations in implicit and explicit numerical processing: Evidence from behavior and ERPs.
Συγγραφείς: Zhou D; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China., Zheng B; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China., Chen Y; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China., Song T; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China., Chen Q; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China. Electronic address: chenqi@szu.edu.cn., Li Y; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China. Electronic address: liyongxin@henu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Biological psychology [Biol Psychol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 210, pp. 109373. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 16.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Science B.V Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0375566 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-6246 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03010511 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biol Psychol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Science B.V
Original Publication: Amsterdam, North-Holland.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Evoked Potentials*/physiology , Memory, Short-Term*/physiology , Space Perception*/physiology , Brain*/physiology , Memory, Long-Term*/physiology, Reaction Time/physiology ; Judgment/physiology ; Attention/physiology ; Humans ; Female ; Electroencephalography ; Male ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Photic Stimulation ; Brain Mapping ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Analysis of Variance
Περίληψη: Debate has long persisted regarding whether the SNARC effect represents a stable representation in long-term memory (LTM) or a dynamic construction in working memory (WM). Adopting an integrative perspective, this study proposes that the SNARC effect is a dynamic instantiation of LTM templates within WM. By introducing the SPoARC effect as a competitive reference and utilizing event-related potentials (ERPs), we compared the mechanisms underlying implicit (parity judgment) and explicit (magnitude comparison) numerical processing. Behavioral results revealed a significant trade-off between the two effects: SPoARC was relatively stronger in the parity judgment task, whereas SNARC was relatively stronger in the magnitude comparison task. ERP data unveiled the complete neural time course: early N1 and P2 components reflected the pre-allocation of attentional resources and conflict detection, while the critical Late Negative Component (LNC) showed significantly increased amplitude in the explicit task. The LNC pattern suggests that explicit processing recruit additional cognitive resources to activate and maintain spatial-numerical templates from LTM. These findings suggest that the SNARC effect is not a fixed representation but a dynamic product regulated top-down by the central executive system: explicit tasks reinforce this association through gain control, whereas in implicit tasks, resources are prioritized for sequential information.
(Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Cognitive Control; ERP; SNARC effect; SPoARC effect; Working Memory
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260815 Date Completed: 20260919 Latest Revision: 20260919
Update Code: 20260920
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2026.109373
PMID: 42603605
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Dynamic competitive mechanism of spatial representations in implicit and explicit numerical processing: Evidence from behavior and ERPs.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+D%22">Zhou D</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zheng+B%22">Zheng B</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+Y%22">Chen Y</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+T%22">Song T</searchLink>; School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272067, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chen+Q%22">Chen Q</searchLink>; School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518060, China. Electronic address: chenqi@szu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+Y%22">Li Y</searchLink>; Institute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475001, China. Electronic address: liyongxin@henu.edu.cn.
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  Data: Debate has long persisted regarding whether the SNARC effect represents a stable representation in long-term memory (LTM) or a dynamic construction in working memory (WM). Adopting an integrative perspective, this study proposes that the SNARC effect is a dynamic instantiation of LTM templates within WM. By introducing the SPoARC effect as a competitive reference and utilizing event-related potentials (ERPs), we compared the mechanisms underlying implicit (parity judgment) and explicit (magnitude comparison) numerical processing. Behavioral results revealed a significant trade-off between the two effects: SPoARC was relatively stronger in the parity judgment task, whereas SNARC was relatively stronger in the magnitude comparison task. ERP data unveiled the complete neural time course: early N1 and P2 components reflected the pre-allocation of attentional resources and conflict detection, while the critical Late Negative Component (LNC) showed significantly increased amplitude in the explicit task. The LNC pattern suggests that explicit processing recruit additional cognitive resources to activate and maintain spatial-numerical templates from LTM. These findings suggest that the SNARC effect is not a fixed representation but a dynamic product regulated top-down by the central executive system: explicit tasks reinforce this association through gain control, whereas in implicit tasks, resources are prioritized for sequential information.<br /> (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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  Data: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Cognitive Control; ERP; SNARC effect; SPoARC effect; Working Memory
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