Academic Journal
Beamforming as a mechanism for azimuthal localization of targets by FM-echolocating big brown bats.
| Τίτλος: | Beamforming as a mechanism for azimuthal localization of targets by FM-echolocating big brown bats. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Simmons JA; Department of Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. James_Simmons@brown.edu., Simmons AM; Department of Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.; Department of Cognitive & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology [J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 212 (5), pp. 901-911. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 07. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101141792 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1351 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03407594 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2001- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Chiroptera*/physiology , Echolocation*/physiology , Sound Localization*/physiology , Inferior Colliculi*/physiology , Inferior Colliculi*/cytology, Neurons/physiology ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Animals ; Acoustic Stimulation ; Models, Neurological |
| Περίληψη: | Echolocating big brown bats broadcast downward-sweeping, frequency-modulated (FM) biosonar sounds and process the returning echoes to track and capture flying insects. Neurons in the inferior colliculus are tuned to different frequencies along the FM sweep and form a representation of target azimuth largely on the basis of sensitivity to interaural differences in intensity, with canonical interaural time difference cues by themselves less reliable. Here, we reanalyze neurophysiological data on binaural sensitivity of inferior colliculus neurons consistent with a signal-processing model used in engineered sonar for generating directional beams. Model inputs are the times-of-occurrence of phasic-on responses to FM sweeps presented at a range of interaural intensities and azimuths. Tuning curves for interaural intensity were computed, and the slopes of these tuning curves plotted against neuronal best frequency and sound azimuth. The resulting aggregate plots suggest that the bat forms two distinct beams, one encompassing the entire FM sweep for a narrow zone of azimuths straight ahead and the other restricted to lower frequencies and offside to the left and the right. When interpreted with respect to psychophysical data, these analyses suggest that the forward beam allows for acute target perception, while the offside beams allow for perception of multiple objects that constitute clutter. The distribution of azimuths further suggests the formation of numerous detailed offside beams pointing in different directions to accommodate the width of the spatial arrangement of the clutter. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: AMS is an associate editor of JCP-A. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: All authors agree to publication. |
| References: | Front Behav Neurosci. 2016 Jun 22;10:125. (PMID: 27445723) J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Nov;108(5 Pt 1):2419-29. (PMID: 11108382) J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Aug;138(2):1090-101. (PMID: 26328724) PLoS One. 2017 Aug 16;12(8):e0182461. (PMID: 28813464) J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 May;121(5 Pt1):3001-10. (PMID: 17550198) Hear Res. 1988 Nov;36(2-3):107-24. (PMID: 3209486) J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2016 May;202(5):371-9. (PMID: 27041334) Front Behav Neurosci. 2010 Aug 05;4:. (PMID: 20740076) Biol Cybern. 2016 Oct;110(4-5):237-246. (PMID: 27838890) Hear Res. 1988 Jul 15;34(2):101-17. (PMID: 3170353) J Comp Physiol A. 1997 Dec;181(6):591-7. (PMID: 9449819) Science. 1985 Jun 14;228(4705):1331-3. (PMID: 4001947) iScience. 2021 Mar 23;24(4):102353. (PMID: 33870143) Sci Rep. 2020 Jan 21;10(1):832. (PMID: 31964933) Hear Res. 1984 Dec;16(3):261-70. (PMID: 6401085) J Acoust Soc Am. 2004 Dec;116(6):3594-605. (PMID: 15658710) Elife. 2018 Apr 10;7:. (PMID: 29633711) Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2012 Apr;22(2):311-9. (PMID: 22436892) J Comp Physiol A. 1990 Nov;167(5):589-616. (PMID: 2074548) J Comp Psychol. 2010 Nov;124(4):447-54. (PMID: 21090890) Hear Res. 2012 Aug;290(1-2):1-12. (PMID: 22641192) J Acoust Soc Am. 2017 Nov;142(5):2942. (PMID: 29195421) Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):914-6. (PMID: 18469804) Biol Cybern. 2016 Oct;110(4-5):263-270. (PMID: 27699483) J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Sep;100(3):1764-76. (PMID: 8817902) J Neurosci. 1997 Mar 1;17(5):1720-33. (PMID: 9030631) J Neurophysiol. 2021 Oct 1;126(4):1314-1325. (PMID: 34495767) Physiol Rev. 2010 Jul;90(3):983-1012. (PMID: 20664077) J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Mar;99(3):1611-20. (PMID: 8819857) J Acoust Soc Am. 2014 Dec;136(6):3389. (PMID: 25480083) J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Jun;111(6):2771-82. (PMID: 12083212) Neuroreport. 2000 Sep 11;11(13):2919-24. (PMID: 11006966) J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2009 Jun;195(6):603-17. (PMID: 19322570) Hear Res. 2021 Feb;400:108133. (PMID: 33340969) Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):481-3. (PMID: 7123247) Brain Res. 1984 May 28;301(1):157-61. (PMID: 6733486) J Neurophysiol. 1969 Nov;32(6):1005-24. (PMID: 5347704) Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):627-30. (PMID: 21798949) J Exp Biol. 2008 Jan;211(Pt 1):106-13. (PMID: 18083738) J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Sep;98(3):1423-45. (PMID: 7560511) Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):16-21. (PMID: 758674) Front Comput Neurosci. 2026 Apr 08;20:1805106. (PMID: 42027678) J Physiol. 1965 Dec;181(4):830-51. (PMID: 5881257) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):7048-53. (PMID: 20351291) J Comp Physiol A. 1998 Jan;182(1):65-79. (PMID: 9447715) Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2016 Dec;41:78-86. (PMID: 27591680) Brain Res. 1987 Sep 1;419(1-2):7-18. (PMID: 3676742) J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2006 Apr;192(4):417-29. (PMID: 16380842) J Exp Biol. 2014 Aug 15;217(Pt 16):2834-43. (PMID: 25122915) PLoS Biol. 2006 Apr;4(4):e79. (PMID: 16509770) Front Neural Circuits. 2014 Oct 01;8:116. (PMID: 25324726) Hear Res. 1998 May;119(1-2):37-48. (PMID: 9641317) PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Feb 17;17(2):e1008677. (PMID: 33596199) Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):725-8. (PMID: 6463649) J Neurophysiol. 1988 Oct;60(4):1369-83. (PMID: 3193162) J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Aug;114(2):1120-31. (PMID: 12942989) J Physiol. 1963 Jun;167:97-113. (PMID: 13950555) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Binaural differences; Biosonar; Echo delay; Echolocation; Horizontal localization |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260807 Date Completed: 20261006 Latest Revision: 20261009 |
| Update Code: | 20261009 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13642496 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00359-026-01834-0 |
| PMID: | 42567940 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| FullText | Links: – Type: other Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com:443/public/rma-ftfapi/ejs/direct?AccessToken=4C27BBBF1B2B8CAB60AC&Show=Object Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00359-026-01834-0 Name: EDS - Springer Nature Journals (s7799221) Category: fullText Text: View record at Springer |
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| Header | DbId: cmedm DbLabel: MEDLINE An: 42567940 AccessLevel: 3 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
| IllustrationInfo | |
| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Beamforming as a mechanism for azimuthal localization of targets by FM-echolocating big brown bats. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simmons+JA%22">Simmons JA</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. James&#95;Simmons@brown.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simmons+AM%22">Simmons AM</searchLink>; Department of Neuroscience, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.; Department of Cognitive & Psychological Sciences, Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101141792%22">Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology</searchLink> [J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 212 (5), pp. 901-911. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 07. – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article; Review – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Springer%22">Springer </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Germany <i>NLM ID: </i>101141792 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1432-1351 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203407594%22">03407594 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Berlin ; New York : Springer, c2001- – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chiroptera%22">Chiroptera*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chiroptera+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Echolocation%22">Echolocation*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Echolocation+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sound+Localization%22">Sound Localization*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sound+Localization+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Inferior+Colliculi%22">Inferior Colliculi*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Inferior+Colliculi+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Inferior+Colliculi%22">Inferior Colliculi*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Inferior+Colliculi+cytology%22">cytology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Neurons%22">Neurons</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Neurons+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Auditory+Pathways%22">Auditory Pathways</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Auditory+Pathways+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Acoustic+Stimulation%22">Acoustic Stimulation</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Models%2C+Neurological%22">Models, Neurological</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Echolocating big brown bats broadcast downward-sweeping, frequency-modulated (FM) biosonar sounds and process the returning echoes to track and capture flying insects. Neurons in the inferior colliculus are tuned to different frequencies along the FM sweep and form a representation of target azimuth largely on the basis of sensitivity to interaural differences in intensity, with canonical interaural time difference cues by themselves less reliable. Here, we reanalyze neurophysiological data on binaural sensitivity of inferior colliculus neurons consistent with a signal-processing model used in engineered sonar for generating directional beams. Model inputs are the times-of-occurrence of phasic-on responses to FM sweeps presented at a range of interaural intensities and azimuths. Tuning curves for interaural intensity were computed, and the slopes of these tuning curves plotted against neuronal best frequency and sound azimuth. The resulting aggregate plots suggest that the bat forms two distinct beams, one encompassing the entire FM sweep for a narrow zone of azimuths straight ahead and the other restricted to lower frequencies and offside to the left and the right. When interpreted with respect to psychophysical data, these analyses suggest that the forward beam allows for acute target perception, while the offside beams allow for perception of multiple objects that constitute clutter. The distribution of azimuths further suggests the formation of numerous detailed offside beams pointing in different directions to accommodate the width of the spatial arrangement of the clutter.<br /> (© 2026. The Author(s).) – Name: Abstract Label: Competing Interests Group: Ab Data: Declarations. Conflict of interest: AMS is an associate editor of JCP-A. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Consent to participate: Not applicable. Consent for publication: All authors agree to publication. – Name: Ref Label: References Group: RefInfo Data: Front Behav Neurosci. 2016 Jun 22;10:125. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227445723%22">27445723)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2000 Nov;108(5 Pt 1):2419-29. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211108382%22">11108382)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2015 Aug;138(2):1090-101. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226328724%22">26328724)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2017 Aug 16;12(8):e0182461. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228813464%22">28813464)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2007 May;121(5 Pt1):3001-10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217550198%22">17550198)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 1988 Nov;36(2-3):107-24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223209486%22">3209486)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2016 May;202(5):371-9. 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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212083212%22">12083212)</searchLink><br />Neuroreport. 2000 Sep 11;11(13):2919-24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211006966%22">11006966)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2009 Jun;195(6):603-17. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219322570%22">19322570)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 2021 Feb;400:108133. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233340969%22">33340969)</searchLink><br />Science. 1982 Oct 29;218(4571):481-3. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227123247%22">7123247)</searchLink><br />Brain Res. 1984 May 28;301(1):157-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%226733486%22">6733486)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 1969 Nov;32(6):1005-24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%225347704%22">5347704)</searchLink><br />Science. 2011 Jul 29;333(6042):627-30. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221798949%22">21798949)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 2008 Jan;211(Pt 1):106-13. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218083738%22">18083738)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 1995 Sep;98(3):1423-45. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227560511%22">7560511)</searchLink><br />Science. 1979 Jan 5;203(4375):16-21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%22758674%22">758674)</searchLink><br />Front Comput Neurosci. 2026 Apr 08;20:1805106. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2242027678%22">42027678)</searchLink><br />J Physiol. 1965 Dec;181(4):830-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%225881257%22">5881257)</searchLink><br />Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Apr 13;107(15):7048-53. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220351291%22">20351291)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol A. 1998 Jan;182(1):65-79. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229447715%22">9447715)</searchLink><br />Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2016 Dec;41:78-86. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227591680%22">27591680)</searchLink><br />Brain Res. 1987 Sep 1;419(1-2):7-18. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223676742%22">3676742)</searchLink><br />J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol. 2006 Apr;192(4):417-29. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216380842%22">16380842)</searchLink><br />J Exp Biol. 2014 Aug 15;217(Pt 16):2834-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225122915%22">25122915)</searchLink><br />PLoS Biol. 2006 Apr;4(4):e79. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216509770%22">16509770)</searchLink><br />Front Neural Circuits. 2014 Oct 01;8:116. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225324726%22">25324726)</searchLink><br />Hear Res. 1998 May;119(1-2):37-48. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229641317%22">9641317)</searchLink><br />PLoS Comput Biol. 2021 Feb 17;17(2):e1008677. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233596199%22">33596199)</searchLink><br />Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):725-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%226463649%22">6463649)</searchLink><br />J Neurophysiol. 1988 Oct;60(4):1369-83. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223193162%22">3193162)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2003 Aug;114(2):1120-31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212942989%22">12942989)</searchLink><br />J Physiol. 1963 Jun;167:97-113. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2213950555%22">13950555)</searchLink> – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Binaural differences; Biosonar; Echo delay; Echolocation; Horizontal localization – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260807 <i>Date Completed: </i>20261006 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20261009 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20261009 – Name: PubmedCentralID Label: PubMed Central ID Group: ID Data: PMC13642496 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1007/s00359-026-01834-0 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 42567940 |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1007/s00359-026-01834-0 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: StartPage: 901 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Neurons physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Auditory Pathways physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Animals Type: general – SubjectFull: Acoustic Stimulation Type: general – SubjectFull: Models, Neurological Type: general – SubjectFull: Chiroptera physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Echolocation physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Sound Localization physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Inferior Colliculi physiology Type: general – SubjectFull: Inferior Colliculi cytology Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Beamforming as a mechanism for azimuthal localization of targets by FM-echolocating big brown bats. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Simmons JA – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Simmons AM IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 09 Text: 2026 Sep Type: published Y: 2026 Identifiers: – Type: issn-electronic Value: 1432-1351 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 212 – Type: issue Value: 5 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology Type: main |
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