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Pathogenic bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in odontogenic facial cellulitis among Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Pathogenic bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in odontogenic facial cellulitis among Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study.
Συγγραφείς: Maaty FANA; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Moshy SE; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Gramoun A; Consultant at Azante Medical Reporting and Analytics, Munich, Germany., Abdelmoteleb M; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt., Emara A; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Bashir MH; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt., Abbass MMS; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. marwa.magdy@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.; Oral Biology Division, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, GUC University, Cairo, Egypt. marwa.magdy@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.
Πηγή: Scientific reports [Sci Rep] 2026 Aug 06; Vol. 16 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 06.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Nature Publishing Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101563288 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2045-2322 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20452322 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sci Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London : Nature Publishing Group, copyright 2011-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Cellulitis*/microbiology , Cellulitis*/drug therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents*/therapeutic use , Face*/microbiology , Bacteria*/drug effects , Bacteria*/isolation & purification , Bacteria*/genetics , Bacteria*/classification, Egypt/epidemiology ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Middle Aged
Περίληψη: Odontogenic facial cellulitis is the most common facial space infection worldwide, originating from untreated dental caries and progressing to life-threatening complications. This stems from the polymicrobial nature of the disease, along with the widespread and over-the-counter misuse of antibiotics in Egypt. This study aims to identify the pathogenic bacterial species involved in odontogenic facial cellulitis in an Egyptian patient sample. Forty-four samples were collected from patients presenting with odontogenic facial cellulitis. Bacterial profiles were investigated using selective media, Gram staining/colony identification, biochemical tests, and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standardized antibiotic susceptibility testing. Resistant strains (≥ 3 agents) were identified using 16 S rRNA sequencing and deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Odontogenic cellulitis originated primarily from lower posterior teeth, specifically the lower first molar, and spread commonly in the submandibular and submental spaces. Regarding bacterial profile, the Gram-positive cocci were the predominant ones. Complete resistance to metronidazole was reported, while previous antibiotic administration showed no statistically significant association with susceptibility to amoxicillin and clindamycin. Among multidrug-resistant isolates, 16 S rRNA sequencing identified predominantly Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus species. Two isolates showed < 90% identity to known species, suggesting possible novel taxa and informing empirical therapy through phenotypic resistance profiles.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki ethical standards. Accordingly, Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University (approval number 25322).
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Appl Microbiol. 1972 Mar;23(3):592-4. (PMID: 4553804)
Int J Paediatr Dent. 2020 Jul;30(4):483-488. (PMID: 31894605)
Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. (PMID: 17695343)
Mol Biol Evol. 2021 Jun 25;38(7):3022-3027. (PMID: 33892491)
Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2016;2016:9041636. (PMID: 27366185)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2004 Mar 19;32(5):1792-7. (PMID: 15034147)
J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2017 Dec;16(4):445-452. (PMID: 29038627)
Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015 Nov 25;3(1):ofv181. (PMID: 26734653)
J Craniofac Surg. 2017 Jan;28(1):197-202. (PMID: 27930461)
Lancet. 2024 Sep 28;404(10459):1199-1226. (PMID: 39299261)
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;17(4):840-62, table of contents. (PMID: 15489351)
J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2014 Dec;13(4):525-32. (PMID: 26225023)
Arch Craniofac Surg. 2019 Oct;20(5):332-335. (PMID: 31658800)
Microorganisms. 2019 May 13;7(5):. (PMID: 31086084)
Cureus. 2025 Jun 2;17(6):e85249. (PMID: 40605873)
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J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2019 Apr-Jun;9(2):133-138. (PMID: 30847273)
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J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 2019 Dec;18(4):584-588. (PMID: 31624441)
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Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2023 May 24;12(1):50. (PMID: 37226221)
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Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed). 2019 Feb;37(2):127-134. (PMID: 29426791)
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Contributed Indexing: Keywords: 16S rRNA sequencing; Antibiotic resistance; Egypt; Odontogenic facial cellulitis; Polymicrobial infection
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)
0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260806 Date Completed: 20260807 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13448242
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-64016-7
PMID: 42562861
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1038/s41598-026-64016-7
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  Data: Pathogenic bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in odontogenic facial cellulitis among Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Maaty+FANA%22&quot;&gt;Maaty FANA&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Moshy+SE%22&quot;&gt;Moshy SE&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Gramoun+A%22&quot;&gt;Gramoun A&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Consultant at Azante Medical Reporting and Analytics, Munich, Germany.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Abdelmoteleb+M%22&quot;&gt;Abdelmoteleb M&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Emara+A%22&quot;&gt;Emara A&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Bashir+MH%22&quot;&gt;Bashir MH&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Abbass+MMS%22&quot;&gt;Abbass MMS&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. marwa.magdy@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.; Oral Biology Division, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, GUC University, Cairo, Egypt. marwa.magdy@dentistry.cu.edu.eg.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Odontogenic facial cellulitis is the most common facial space infection worldwide, originating from untreated dental caries and progressing to life-threatening complications. This stems from the polymicrobial nature of the disease, along with the widespread and over-the-counter misuse of antibiotics in Egypt. This study aims to identify the pathogenic bacterial species involved in odontogenic facial cellulitis in an Egyptian patient sample. Forty-four samples were collected from patients presenting with odontogenic facial cellulitis. Bacterial profiles were investigated using selective media, Gram staining/colony identification, biochemical tests, and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standardized antibiotic susceptibility testing. Resistant strains (≥ 3 agents) were identified using 16&#160;S rRNA sequencing and deposited in the NCBI GenBank. Odontogenic cellulitis originated primarily from lower posterior teeth, specifically the lower first molar, and spread commonly in the submandibular and submental spaces. Regarding bacterial profile, the Gram-positive cocci were the predominant ones. Complete resistance to metronidazole was reported, while previous antibiotic administration showed no statistically significant association with susceptibility to amoxicillin and clindamycin. Among multidrug-resistant isolates, 16&#160;S rRNA sequencing identified predominantly Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus species. Two isolates showed &amp;lt; 90% identity to known species, suggesting possible novel taxa and informing empirical therapy through phenotypic resistance profiles.&lt;br /&gt; (&#169; 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki ethical standards. Accordingly, Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics and Research Committee of the Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University (approval number 25322).
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: &lt;i&gt;Keywords: &lt;/i&gt;16S rRNA sequencing; Antibiotic resistance; Egypt; Odontogenic facial cellulitis; Polymicrobial infection
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  Data: 0 (Anti-Bacterial Agents)&lt;br /&gt;0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Date Created: &lt;/i&gt;20260806 &lt;i&gt;Date Completed: &lt;/i&gt;20260807 &lt;i&gt;Latest Revision: &lt;/i&gt;20260813
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  Data: 10.1038/s41598-026-64016-7
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1038/s41598-026-64016-7
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Egypt epidemiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial Sensitivity Tests
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      – SubjectFull: Cross-Sectional Studies
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      – SubjectFull: Female
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      – SubjectFull: Adult
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescent
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      – SubjectFull: Middle Aged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cellulitis microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cellulitis drug therapy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Face microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria drug effects
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria isolation & purification
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      – SubjectFull: Bacteria genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria classification
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Pathogenic bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in odontogenic facial cellulitis among Egyptian patients: A cross-sectional study.
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            – D: 06
              M: 08
              Text: 2026 Aug 06
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2045-2322
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