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Temporal processing variability as a scalable marker of Parkinson's disease progression.

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Τίτλος: Temporal processing variability as a scalable marker of Parkinson's disease progression.
Συγγραφείς: Schwartze M; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands. Electronic address: michael.schwartze@maastrichtuniversity.nl., Voerman A; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands., Kotz SA; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
Πηγή: Neuropsychologia [Neuropsychologia] 2026 Nov 05; Vol. 232, pp. 109564. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 06.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0020713 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3514 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00283932 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Neuropsychologia Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Oxford : Pergamon Press
Original Publication: Oxford.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Parkinson Disease*/physiopathology , Parkinson Disease*/complications , Parkinson Disease*/diagnosis , Parkinson Disease*/psychology , Time Perception*/physiology , Disease Progression*, Humans ; Female ; Male ; Aged ; Severity of Illness Index ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests
Περίληψη: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with disruptions in the temporal organization of motor and non-motor behavior, likely arising from dysfunction within basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Despite substantial evidence for impaired timing in PD, the relationship between temporal processing variability, disease progression, and established clinical severity markers remains poorly defined. We conducted a systematic analysis of empirical studies to quantify temporal processing variability in PD using the coefficient of variation (CV), a standardized index that enables comparison across diverse timing tasks. CV values were directly extracted or derived from published studies spanning a range of paradigms. Analyses focused on associations between CV, participant age, and disease severity as indexed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages. Results revealed a positive correlation between temporal processing CV and UPDRS score, independent of age, suggesting that increased temporal variability is associated with disease severity beyond normal aging effects. In contrast, CV correlated negatively with H&Y stage while H&Y stage correlated negatively with age, a pattern that may reflect differences in measurement properties of severity indices, variability in study characteristics, and medication state during behavioural testing rather than clinical staging. Secondary analyses found no reliable differences in CV across task type, temporal range, or medication status, although interpretation of null effects is limited by heterogeneity across studies and sample sizes. Together, these results indicate that temporal processing variability is associated with clinical markers of Parkinson's disease severity and may represent a potential target for future longitudinal and mechanistic research.
(Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Diagnostics; Disease progression; Neurodegeneration; Timing; Variability analysis
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260806 Date Completed: 20260926 Latest Revision: 20260926
Update Code: 20260927
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2026.109564
PMID: 42562281
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Temporal processing variability as a scalable marker of Parkinson's disease progression.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schwartze+M%22">Schwartze M</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands. Electronic address: michael.schwartze@maastrichtuniversity.nl.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Voerman+A%22">Voerman A</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kotz+SA%22">Kotz SA</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, Maastricht, 6200, Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1A, Leipzig, 04103, Germany.
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  Data: Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with disruptions in the temporal organization of motor and non-motor behavior, likely arising from dysfunction within basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Despite substantial evidence for impaired timing in PD, the relationship between temporal processing variability, disease progression, and established clinical severity markers remains poorly defined. We conducted a systematic analysis of empirical studies to quantify temporal processing variability in PD using the coefficient of variation (CV), a standardized index that enables comparison across diverse timing tasks. CV values were directly extracted or derived from published studies spanning a range of paradigms. Analyses focused on associations between CV, participant age, and disease severity as indexed by Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores and Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stages. Results revealed a positive correlation between temporal processing CV and UPDRS score, independent of age, suggesting that increased temporal variability is associated with disease severity beyond normal aging effects. In contrast, CV correlated negatively with H&Y stage while H&Y stage correlated negatively with age, a pattern that may reflect differences in measurement properties of severity indices, variability in study characteristics, and medication state during behavioural testing rather than clinical staging. Secondary analyses found no reliable differences in CV across task type, temporal range, or medication status, although interpretation of null effects is limited by heterogeneity across studies and sample sizes. Together, these results indicate that temporal processing variability is associated with clinical markers of Parkinson's disease severity and may represent a potential target for future longitudinal and mechanistic research.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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