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Parameterizable salivary gland model for small-scale Monte Carlo radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry: evaluation of mouse and human models.

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Τίτλος: Parameterizable salivary gland model for small-scale Monte Carlo radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry: evaluation of mouse and human models.
Συγγραφείς: Adam DP; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America., Yusufaly T; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Marsh I; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Bastiaannet R; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America., Kiess A; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Bolch WE; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America., Zaid N; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Chhabra A; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Krimins R; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Gabrielson K; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Brayton C; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Sgouros G; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America., Hobbs RF; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.
Πηγή: Physics in medicine and biology [Phys Med Biol] 2026 Sep 02; Vol. 71 (17). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Sep 02.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Evaluation Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: IOP Publishing Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0401220 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1361-6560 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00319155 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Phys Med Biol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Bristol : IOP Publishing
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Salivary Glands*/radiation effects , Salivary Glands*/anatomy & histology , Salivary Glands*/cytology , Radiopharmaceuticals*/therapeutic use , Monte Carlo Method* , Models, Biological*, Humans ; Animals ; Radiometry ; Mice
Περίληψη: Standard of care radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) may result in dose-limiting side effects of the salivary glands including sialadenitis and xerostomia that are inconsistent with outcomes from external beam for equivalent absorbed doses (ADs). This work develops a parameterizable 'Macro-to-Micro' (M2μ) model that demonstrates the consideration of small-scale dosimetry in comparison to conventional methods that typically assume uniform voxel or organ-level uptake. Anatomical features of the salivary gland are represented by annular structures (a centralized branching network of ducts, including excretory, lobar, interlobular) and small-scale voxels (intralobular ducts and acinar cells) with dimensions set to reproduceex vivomurine histopathology measurements and scaled up in size for extrapolation to humans. Simulations were performed by scoring and recordingS-value histograms to the target ductal and acinar cells, for two beta emitters (177Lu,131I) and one alpha emitter (225Ac). Four idealized activity distributions were created to assign activity to surfaces and volumes of the annuli, and GEANT4 v11 was used for radiation transport calculations. Comparisons against whole gland uniform spherical self-doseS-value calculations were conducted to validate the radiation transport and to highlight differences between M2μand conventional dosimetry approaches. Analyses for both models showed greaterS-value variation in comparison to the homogeneously distributed activityS-value calculation. The most notable result was that the calculatedS-values differed between different branches, depending on the geometric size of the annuli. For the surrounding acinar cells,S-values from ductal cells decreased as a function of distance from the branching structures. High variability ofS-values, depending on ductal cell dimensions as well as within the acinar cell distribution of the salivary gland highlights the potential clinical utility of small-scale approaches to RPT salivary gland dosimetry, contingent on clinical translation and validation. To this end, future work should further refine the model and incorporate small-scale activity distributions from pre-clinical and translational studies.
(© 2026 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: monte carlo; radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry; salivary gland toxicity
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Radiopharmaceuticals)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260806 Date Completed: 20260902 Latest Revision: 20260902
Update Code: 20260903
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ae9686
PMID: 42562002
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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  Data: Parameterizable salivary gland model for small-scale Monte Carlo radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry: evaluation of mouse and human models.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Adam+DP%22">Adam DP</searchLink>; Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yusufaly+T%22">Yusufaly T</searchLink>; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Marsh+I%22">Marsh I</searchLink>; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bastiaannet+R%22">Bastiaannet R</searchLink>; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kiess+A%22">Kiess A</searchLink>; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bolch+WE%22">Bolch WE</searchLink>; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zaid+N%22">Zaid N</searchLink>; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Chhabra+A%22">Chhabra A</searchLink>; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Krimins+R%22">Krimins R</searchLink>; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Gabrielson+K%22">Gabrielson K</searchLink>; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brayton+C%22">Brayton C</searchLink>; Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sgouros+G%22">Sgouros G</searchLink>; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hobbs+RF%22">Hobbs RF</searchLink>; Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States of America.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220401220%22">Physics in medicine and biology</searchLink> [Phys Med Biol] 2026 Sep 02; Vol. 71 (17). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Sep 02.
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  Data: Journal Article; Evaluation Study
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22IOP+Publishing%22">IOP Publishing </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>0401220 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1361-6560 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2200319155%22">00319155 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Phys Med Biol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Bristol : IOP Publishing
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salivary+Glands%22">Salivary Glands*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salivary+Glands+radiation+effects%22">radiation effects</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salivary+Glands%22">Salivary Glands*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salivary+Glands+anatomy+%26+histology%22">anatomy & histology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salivary+Glands%22">Salivary Glands*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salivary+Glands+cytology%22">cytology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiopharmaceuticals%22">Radiopharmaceuticals*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Radiopharmaceuticals+therapeutic+use%22">therapeutic use</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Monte+Carlo+Method%22">Monte Carlo Method*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Models%2C+Biological%22">Models, Biological*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Radiometry%22">Radiometry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Mice%22">Mice</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Standard of care radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) may result in dose-limiting side effects of the salivary glands including sialadenitis and xerostomia that are inconsistent with outcomes from external beam for equivalent absorbed doses (ADs). This work develops a parameterizable 'Macro-to-Micro' (M2μ) model that demonstrates the consideration of small-scale dosimetry in comparison to conventional methods that typically assume uniform voxel or organ-level uptake. Anatomical features of the salivary gland are represented by annular structures (a centralized branching network of ducts, including excretory, lobar, interlobular) and small-scale voxels (intralobular ducts and acinar cells) with dimensions set to reproduceex vivomurine histopathology measurements and scaled up in size for extrapolation to humans. Simulations were performed by scoring and recordingS-value histograms to the target ductal and acinar cells, for two beta emitters (<superscript>177</superscript>Lu,<superscript>131</superscript>I) and one alpha emitter (<superscript>225</superscript>Ac). Four idealized activity distributions were created to assign activity to surfaces and volumes of the annuli, and GEANT4 v11 was used for radiation transport calculations. Comparisons against whole gland uniform spherical self-doseS-value calculations were conducted to validate the radiation transport and to highlight differences between M2μand conventional dosimetry approaches. Analyses for both models showed greaterS-value variation in comparison to the homogeneously distributed activityS-value calculation. The most notable result was that the calculatedS-values differed between different branches, depending on the geometric size of the annuli. For the surrounding acinar cells,S-values from ductal cells decreased as a function of distance from the branching structures. High variability ofS-values, depending on ductal cell dimensions as well as within the acinar cell distribution of the salivary gland highlights the potential clinical utility of small-scale approaches to RPT salivary gland dosimetry, contingent on clinical translation and validation. To this end, future work should further refine the model and incorporate small-scale activity distributions from pre-clinical and translational studies.<br /> (© 2026 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>monte carlo; radiopharmaceutical therapy dosimetry; salivary gland toxicity
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
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      – SubjectFull: Radiometry
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      – SubjectFull: Mice
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      – SubjectFull: Salivary Glands radiation effects
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      – SubjectFull: Salivary Glands anatomy & histology
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