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Effectiveness of the Moments that Matter parenting programme on caregiving practices, family violence, mental health and early child development in Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.

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Τίτλος: Effectiveness of the Moments that Matter parenting programme on caregiving practices, family violence, mental health and early child development in Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
Συγγραφείς: Jeong J; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA joshua.jeong@emory.edu., McCann JK; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Hadd AR; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA., Ochuka W; B&M Consult, Nairobi, Kenya., Ochieng M; B&M Consult, Nairobi, Kenya.
Πηγή: BMJ global health [BMJ Glob Health] 2026 Aug 05; Vol. 11 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 05.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101685275 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Print ISSN: 2059-7908 (Print) Linking ISSN: 20597908 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMJ Glob Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [London] : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, [2016]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Parenting*/psychology , Caregivers*/psychology , Caregivers*/education , Domestic Violence*/prevention & control , Domestic Violence*/statistics & numerical data , Child Development* , Mental Health*, Humans ; Kenya ; Female ; Male ; Infant ; Adult ; Infant, Newborn ; Program Evaluation
Περίληψη: Introduction: Globally, parenting interventions have been shown to improve caregiving practices and child development. However, rigorous evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited, particularly for programmes that leverage multiple community-based delivery platforms. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Moments that Matter (MTM) parenting programme delivered by community volunteers in partnership with faith leaders on child development and caregiving-related outcomes in Kenya.
Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial in two counties in western Kenya. Villages were randomly assigned to the MTM parenting programme or a standard-of-care waitlist control, stratified by county. Eligible participants were primary caregivers of children aged 0-18 months. The intervention consisted of monthly group sessions and home visits delivered over 18 months. Caregivers were surveyed at baseline and endline. The primary outcome was child development measured using the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments. Intervention effects were estimated using mixed-effects models with a difference-in-differences, intention-to-treat approach.
Results: Between February and March 2023, 595 caregiver-child dyads in 46 villages were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention (n=310) or control (n=285). At endline, there were no overall intervention effects on child development outcomes. Moderate-to-large effects were observed across multiple secondary outcomes, including caregiver stimulation, harsh discipline, caregiver mental health, social support, intimate partner violence victimisation, child dietary diversity, and male caregiver engagement, as reported by female primary caregivers. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed treatment heterogeneity by county, with small significant improvements in child language and socioemotional development in one county but null effects in the other.
Conclusions: A multicomponent parenting programme delivered in partnership between community volunteers and faith leaders improved multiple caregiving and family well-being outcomes but did not lead to overall improvements in child development. Findings highlight the potential of integrating multiple community-based platforms for delivering parenting programmes, while underscoring the need for implementation research to enhance impacts on child development at scale.
Trial Registration Number: NCT05796934.
(© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)
Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared.
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Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):77-90. (PMID: 27717614)
Children (Basel). 2024 Apr 16;11(4):. (PMID: 38671694)
Pediatrics. 2023 May 1;151(Suppl 2):. (PMID: 37125892)
Glob Ment Health (Camb). 2024 Apr 03;11:e52. (PMID: 38721486)
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2024 Oct;1540(1):279-290. (PMID: 39217503)
Pediatrics. 2023 May 1;151(Suppl 2):. (PMID: 37125892)
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2016 Dec;57(12):1370-1379. (PMID: 27465028)
Lancet Glob Health. 2015 Aug;3(8):e458-e469. (PMID: 26144389)
BMJ Open. 2020 Apr 26;10(4):e032134. (PMID: 32341042)
Lancet Glob Health. 2016 Dec;4(12):e916-e922. (PMID: 27717632)
J Pediatr Psychol. 1990 Apr;15(2):237-54. (PMID: 2374078)
Matern Child Nutr. 2018 Apr;14(2):e12527. (PMID: 28925580)
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2023 May;7(5):311-325. (PMID: 37011652)
PLoS Med. 2021 May 10;18(5):e1003602. (PMID: 33970913)
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2020 Dec;36:90-97. (PMID: 33195763)
Dev Sci. 2023 Nov;26(6):e13404. (PMID: 37114644)
Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1900-2. (PMID: 16809525)
J Affect Disord. 2021 Sep 1;292:284-294. (PMID: 34134027)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 26;18(15):. (PMID: 34360185)
JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2023 May 1;6:e37359. (PMID: 37126373)
BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 10;25(1):535. (PMID: 39930359)
Front Public Health. 2023 May 12;11:1165991. (PMID: 37250097)
Lancet. 2011 Oct 8;378(9799):1325-38. (PMID: 21944375)
Lancet Psychiatry. 2016 Oct;3(10):973-982. (PMID: 27650773)
Glob Health Sci Pract. 2019 Sep 26;7(3):478-490. (PMID: 31558602)
J Health Popul Nutr. 2012 Dec;30(4):472-86. (PMID: 23304914)
J Fam Issues. 2018;39(2):328-351. (PMID: 29515272)
Pediatrics. 2018 Apr;141(4):. (PMID: 29500293)
BMJ Glob Health. 2021 Mar;6(3):. (PMID: 33727278)
BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Jan;8(1):. (PMID: 36650017)
Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2024 Sep;8(9):656-669. (PMID: 39142740)
Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2024 Mar 19;25:100388. (PMID: 38550293)
J Interpers Violence. 2023 Oct;38(19-20):10865-10899. (PMID: 37329160)
Pan Afr Med J. 2018 Jul 06;30:199. (PMID: 30574218)
Lancet Public Health. 2024 May;9(5):e326-e338. (PMID: 38702097)
Public Health Nutr. 2025 Jun 13;29(1):e93. (PMID: 40506265)
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2024 May;65(5):694-709. (PMID: 37800367)
J Adolesc Health. 2020 Mar;66(3):323-335. (PMID: 31784410)
BMC Psychol. 2022 Jun 27;10(1):162. (PMID: 35761318)
Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):91-102. (PMID: 27717615)
Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Mar;9(3):e309-e319. (PMID: 33341153)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Child health; Kenya
Molecular Sequence: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05796934
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260805 Date Completed: 20260805 Latest Revision: 20260827
Update Code: 20260827
PubMed Central ID: PMC13448621
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2025-023335
PMID: 42556995
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Effectiveness of the Moments that Matter parenting programme on caregiving practices, family violence, mental health and early child development in Kenya: a cluster-randomised controlled trial.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jeong+J%22">Jeong J</searchLink>; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA joshua.jeong@emory.edu.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22McCann+JK%22">McCann JK</searchLink>; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hadd+AR%22">Hadd AR</searchLink>; Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ochuka+W%22">Ochuka W</searchLink>; B&M Consult, Nairobi, Kenya.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ochieng+M%22">Ochieng M</searchLink>; B&M Consult, Nairobi, Kenya.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Introduction: Globally, parenting interventions have been shown to improve caregiving practices and child development. However, rigorous evidence from sub-Saharan Africa remains limited, particularly for programmes that leverage multiple community-based delivery platforms. We evaluated the effectiveness of the Moments that Matter (MTM) parenting programme delivered by community volunteers in partnership with faith leaders on child development and caregiving-related outcomes in Kenya.<br />Methods: We conducted a cluster-randomised controlled trial in two counties in western Kenya. Villages were randomly assigned to the MTM parenting programme or a standard-of-care waitlist control, stratified by county. Eligible participants were primary caregivers of children aged 0-18 months. The intervention consisted of monthly group sessions and home visits delivered over 18 months. Caregivers were surveyed at baseline and endline. The primary outcome was child development measured using the Caregiver Reported Early Development Instruments. Intervention effects were estimated using mixed-effects models with a difference-in-differences, intention-to-treat approach.<br />Results: Between February and March 2023, 595 caregiver-child dyads in 46 villages were enrolled and randomly assigned to the intervention (n=310) or control (n=285). At endline, there were no overall intervention effects on child development outcomes. Moderate-to-large effects were observed across multiple secondary outcomes, including caregiver stimulation, harsh discipline, caregiver mental health, social support, intimate partner violence victimisation, child dietary diversity, and male caregiver engagement, as reported by female primary caregivers. Exploratory subgroup analyses revealed treatment heterogeneity by county, with small significant improvements in child language and socioemotional development in one county but null effects in the other.<br />Conclusions: A multicomponent parenting programme delivered in partnership between community volunteers and faith leaders improved multiple caregiving and family well-being outcomes but did not lead to overall improvements in child development. Findings highlight the potential of integrating multiple community-based platforms for delivering parenting programmes, while underscoring the need for implementation research to enhance impacts on child development at scale.<br />Trial Registration Number: NCT05796934.<br /> (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2026. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Competing interests: None declared.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233970913%22">33970913)</searchLink><br />Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2020 Dec;36:90-97. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233195763%22">33195763)</searchLink><br />Dev Sci. 2023 Nov;26(6):e13404. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237114644%22">37114644)</searchLink><br />Science. 2006 Jun 30;312(5782):1900-2. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216809525%22">16809525)</searchLink><br />J Affect Disord. 2021 Sep 1;292:284-294. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234134027%22">34134027)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 26;18(15):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234360185%22">34360185)</searchLink><br />JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2023 May 1;6:e37359. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237126373%22">37126373)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2025 Feb 10;25(1):535. 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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233727278%22">33727278)</searchLink><br />BMJ Glob Health. 2023 Jan;8(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236650017%22">36650017)</searchLink><br />Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2024 Sep;8(9):656-669. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239142740%22">39142740)</searchLink><br />Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia. 2024 Mar 19;25:100388. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238550293%22">38550293)</searchLink><br />J Interpers Violence. 2023 Oct;38(19-20):10865-10899. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237329160%22">37329160)</searchLink><br />Pan Afr Med J. 2018 Jul 06;30:199. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230574218%22">30574218)</searchLink><br />Lancet Public Health. 2024 May;9(5):e326-e338. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238702097%22">38702097)</searchLink><br />Public Health Nutr. 2025 Jun 13;29(1):e93. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240506265%22">40506265)</searchLink><br />J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2024 May;65(5):694-709. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237800367%22">37800367)</searchLink><br />J Adolesc Health. 2020 Mar;66(3):323-335. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231784410%22">31784410)</searchLink><br />BMC Psychol. 2022 Jun 27;10(1):162. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235761318%22">35761318)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):91-102. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227717615%22">27717615)</searchLink><br />Lancet Glob Health. 2021 Mar;9(3):e309-e319. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233341153%22">33341153)</searchLink>
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        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Humans
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