Academic Journal
Προβολή σε EDS
Συνδεδεμένο Πλήρες Κείμενο

Personality change after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Personality change after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Burns L; Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK., Jones K; University of Swansea, Swansea, UK., Kerr K; Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK., Brennan N; Headway London, London, UK., Clapshaw N; Headway London, London, UK., Green H; Department of Neuropsychology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK., Farrimond H; Department of Social and Political Sciences, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK., Stone C; Headway London, London, UK., Wilkinson S; Department of Social and Political Sciences, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK., Members Of Headway London; Headway London, London, UK., Bell V; Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. vaughan.bell@ucl.ac.uk.; Dept of Neuropsychiatry, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. vaughan.bell@ucl.ac.uk.
Πηγή: Journal of neurology [J Neurol] 2026 Aug 03; Vol. 273 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 03.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer-Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 0423161 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1432-1459 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03405354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Berlin ; New York, Springer-Verlag
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Brain Injuries, Traumatic*/complications , Brain Injuries, Traumatic*/psychology , Personality Disorders*/etiology , Personality Disorders*/epidemiology, Humans
Περίληψη: Background: Personality change is a debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its prevalence, characteristics, and treatment remain poorly understood.
Methods: We completed a pre-registered (CRD42023440990) systematic review and meta-analysis searching four databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL) for primary studies assessing personality change after TBI. We synthesized conceptualization, prevalence, longitudinal outcome, lesion location, and treatment. Prevalence was estimated using a random effect meta-analysis using the Paule-Mandel estimator, with subgroup, meta-regression and robustness analyses.
Results: A total of 101 studies were included in this review, seventeen of which were suitable for meta-analysis. Personality change was defined inconsistently although common symptoms involved the emergence or increase of affective, behavioral, and social disturbances, including irritability, depression, emotional instability, anger outbursts, social withdrawal, anxiety, impulsivity, restlessness, aberrant motor behaviors, and aggression. The prevalence of secondary personality disorder was estimated as 29.1% (CIs 22.5% - 36.2%) and prevalence of broad personality change was 68.1% (CIs 53.4% - 81.2%). Robustness analyses showed that the estimate for broad personality change should be treated with caution as it was unstable when adjusted for risk of bias and potential publication bias. Follow-up studies, although of varying quality, consistently showed personality change remained stable over long follow-up periods. The relationship between personality change and specific lesion locations in TBI remains unclear, likely due to the poor methodological quality of studies examining this association. Perhaps most concerning, there is limited evidence and very few systematic studies addressing treatment.
Conclusion: Personality change is a common and persistent consequence of TBI. Varying definitions, and the lack of high-quality lesion mapping studies and systematic investigations into treatment highlights critical gaps in understanding and management.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
References: Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 09;12:690792. (PMID: 34566838)
Arch Neurol. 2001 Jul;58(7):1139-42. (PMID: 11448304)
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2008 Oct-Dec;18(5-6):566-89. (PMID: 18609012)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Spring;23(2):E14. (PMID: 21677207)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;78(11):1239-47. (PMID: 17259352)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985 Jun;48(6):564-8. (PMID: 4009193)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983 Apr;46(4):336-44. (PMID: 6842246)
Biomedicines. 2023 May 15;11(5):. (PMID: 37239120)
Brain Inj. 1995 Oct;9(7):713-27. (PMID: 8680398)
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2003 Jan-Mar;13(1-2):43-64. (PMID: 21854327)
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 1;12(1):9156. (PMID: 35650223)
Brain Inj. 2000 Jan;14(1):45-61. (PMID: 10670661)
J Neuropsychol. 2018 Jun;12(2):176-199. (PMID: 27696753)
J Learn Disabil. 1988 Oct;21(8):456-63. (PMID: 2972786)
Clin Psychol Eur. 2022 Dec 15;4(Spec Issue):e9635. (PMID: 36760321)
Neurology. 2023 Aug 15;101(7):e740-e753. (PMID: 37344231)
J Neurosci Nurs. 2021 Apr 1;53(2):63-68. (PMID: 33538456)
Evid Based Ment Health. 2019 Nov;22(4):153-160. (PMID: 31563865)
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2023 Mar;33(2):305-324. (PMID: 34913399)
Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2023 Jul;33(6):1074-1089. (PMID: 35383536)
Brain Inj. 2000 May;14(5):431-9. (PMID: 10834338)
Cortex. 2022 Feb;147:169-184. (PMID: 35051710)
Disabil Rehabil. 2018 Apr;40(8):926-934. (PMID: 28129694)
J Neurotrauma. 2012 Apr 10;29(6):1029-37. (PMID: 22111890)
Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021 May;163(5):1257-1267. (PMID: 33576912)
J Neurotrauma. 2016 Nov 15;33(22):1969-1994. (PMID: 26729611)
Psychol Med. 1980 May;10(2):257-63. (PMID: 7384328)
J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998 Jun;13(3):1-14. (PMID: 9582175)
J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry. 2021 Jan-Feb;62(1):14-21. (PMID: 33190792)
J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Winter;20(1):118-9. (PMID: 18305306)
Brain Inj. 2014;28(4):398-413. (PMID: 24475746)
J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011 Aug;50(2):114-8. (PMID: 22053230)
Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2018 Dec;16(4):195-203. (PMID: 29621038)
J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012 Jun;200(6):526-30. (PMID: 22652618)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Jul;49(7):764-70. (PMID: 3746307)
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Jun;53(3):433-5. (PMID: 10459749)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 May;47(5):505-13. (PMID: 6736983)
Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 5;5(1):210. (PMID: 27919275)
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Feb;8(1):73-80. (PMID: 16513045)
Clin Kidney J. 2022 Jan 31;15(6):1209-1210. (PMID: 35664274)
J Affect Disord. 2019 Jan 15;243:1-7. (PMID: 30218878)
Neuropsychologia. 2017 Dec;107:68-75. (PMID: 29126929)
Front Neurol. 2024 Oct 09;15:1412304. (PMID: 39445189)
Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:269-95. (PMID: 21166535)
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 Mar;47(3):260-8. (PMID: 6707671)
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Jul 01;11:1601-7. (PMID: 26170672)
Int J Psychiatry Med. 1982-1983;12(4):275-9. (PMID: 7166459)
J Craniofac Surg. 2014 Jul;25(4):1164-7. (PMID: 25006888)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Disinhibition; Neuropsychiatry; Organic personality disorder; Personality change; Secondary personality disorder; Traumatic brain injury
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260803 Date Completed: 20260804 Latest Revision: 20260923
Update Code: 20260923
PubMed Central ID: PMC13433385
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-026-14028-0
PMID: 42547613
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Links:
  – Type: other
    Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com:443/public/rma-ftfapi/ejs/direct?AccessToken=4626A5C0488CE43AF871&Show=Object
Text:
  Availability: 0
CustomLinks:
  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00415-026-14028-0
    Name: EDS - Springer Nature Journals (s7799221)
    Category: fullText
    Text: View record at Springer
Header DbId: cmedm
DbLabel: MEDLINE
An: 42547613
AccessLevel: 3
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
PreciseRelevancyScore: 0
IllustrationInfo
Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Personality change after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Burns+L%22">Burns L</searchLink>; Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jones+K%22">Jones K</searchLink>; University of Swansea, Swansea, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kerr+K%22">Kerr K</searchLink>; Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Brennan+N%22">Brennan N</searchLink>; Headway London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Clapshaw+N%22">Clapshaw N</searchLink>; Headway London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Green+H%22">Green H</searchLink>; Department of Neuropsychology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Farrimond+H%22">Farrimond H</searchLink>; Department of Social and Political Sciences, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Stone+C%22">Stone C</searchLink>; Headway London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wilkinson+S%22">Wilkinson S</searchLink>; Department of Social and Political Sciences, Philosophy, and Anthropology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Members+Of+Headway+London%22">Members Of Headway London</searchLink>; Headway London, London, UK.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bell+V%22">Bell V</searchLink>; Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK. vaughan.bell@ucl.ac.uk.; Dept of Neuropsychiatry, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. vaughan.bell@ucl.ac.uk.
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Source
  Group: Src
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%220423161%22">Journal of neurology</searchLink> [J Neurol] 2026 Aug 03; Vol. 273 (8). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Aug 03.
– Name: TypePub
  Label: Publication Type
  Group: TypPub
  Data: Journal Article; Systematic Review; Meta-Analysis
– Name: Language
  Label: Language
  Group: Lang
  Data: English
– Name: TitleSource
  Label: Journal Info
  Group: Src
  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Springer-Verlag%22">Springer-Verlag </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Germany <i>NLM ID: </i>0423161 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1432-1459 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203405354%22">03405354 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Neurol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
– Name: PublisherInfo
  Label: Imprint Name(s)
  Group: PubInfo
  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Berlin ; New York, Springer-Verlag
– Name: SubjectMESH
  Label: MeSH Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Brain+Injuries%2C+Traumatic%22">Brain Injuries, Traumatic*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Brain+Injuries%2C+Traumatic+complications%22">complications</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Brain+Injuries%2C+Traumatic%22">Brain Injuries, Traumatic*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Brain+Injuries%2C+Traumatic+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Personality change is a debilitating consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI), yet its prevalence, characteristics, and treatment remain poorly understood.<br />Methods: We completed a pre-registered (CRD42023440990) systematic review and meta-analysis searching four databases (MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE and CINAHL) for primary studies assessing personality change after TBI. We synthesized conceptualization, prevalence, longitudinal outcome, lesion location, and treatment. Prevalence was estimated using a random effect meta-analysis using the Paule-Mandel estimator, with subgroup, meta-regression and robustness analyses.<br />Results: A total of 101 studies were included in this review, seventeen of which were suitable for meta-analysis. Personality change was defined inconsistently although common symptoms involved the emergence or increase of affective, behavioral, and social disturbances, including irritability, depression, emotional instability, anger outbursts, social withdrawal, anxiety, impulsivity, restlessness, aberrant motor behaviors, and aggression. The prevalence of secondary personality disorder was estimated as 29.1% (CIs 22.5% - 36.2%) and prevalence of broad personality change was 68.1% (CIs 53.4% - 81.2%). Robustness analyses showed that the estimate for broad personality change should be treated with caution as it was unstable when adjusted for risk of bias and potential publication bias. Follow-up studies, although of varying quality, consistently showed personality change remained stable over long follow-up periods. The relationship between personality change and specific lesion locations in TBI remains unclear, likely due to the poor methodological quality of studies examining this association. Perhaps most concerning, there is limited evidence and very few systematic studies addressing treatment.<br />Conclusion: Personality change is a common and persistent consequence of TBI. Varying definitions, and the lack of high-quality lesion mapping studies and systematic investigations into treatment highlights critical gaps in understanding and management.<br /> (© 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Front Neurol. 2021 Sep 09;12:690792. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234566838%22">34566838)</searchLink><br />Arch Neurol. 2001 Jul;58(7):1139-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211448304%22">11448304)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2008 Oct-Dec;18(5-6):566-89. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218609012%22">18609012)</searchLink><br />J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011 Spring;23(2):E14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221677207%22">21677207)</searchLink><br />J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007 Nov;78(11):1239-47. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217259352%22">17259352)</searchLink><br />J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1985 Jun;48(6):564-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%224009193%22">4009193)</searchLink><br />J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1983 Apr;46(4):336-44. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%226842246%22">6842246)</searchLink><br />Biomedicines. 2023 May 15;11(5):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237239120%22">37239120)</searchLink><br />Brain Inj. 1995 Oct;9(7):713-27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228680398%22">8680398)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2003 Jan-Mar;13(1-2):43-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221854327%22">21854327)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 1;12(1):9156. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235650223%22">35650223)</searchLink><br />Brain Inj. 2000 Jan;14(1):45-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210670661%22">10670661)</searchLink><br />J Neuropsychol. 2018 Jun;12(2):176-199. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227696753%22">27696753)</searchLink><br />J Learn Disabil. 1988 Oct;21(8):456-63. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222972786%22">2972786)</searchLink><br />Clin Psychol Eur. 2022 Dec 15;4(Spec Issue):e9635. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236760321%22">36760321)</searchLink><br />Neurology. 2023 Aug 15;101(7):e740-e753. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237344231%22">37344231)</searchLink><br />J Neurosci Nurs. 2021 Apr 1;53(2):63-68. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233538456%22">33538456)</searchLink><br />Evid Based Ment Health. 2019 Nov;22(4):153-160. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231563865%22">31563865)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2023 Mar;33(2):305-324. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234913399%22">34913399)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2023 Jul;33(6):1074-1089. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235383536%22">35383536)</searchLink><br />Brain Inj. 2000 May;14(5):431-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210834338%22">10834338)</searchLink><br />Cortex. 2022 Feb;147:169-184. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235051710%22">35051710)</searchLink><br />Disabil Rehabil. 2018 Apr;40(8):926-934. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228129694%22">28129694)</searchLink><br />J Neurotrauma. 2012 Apr 10;29(6):1029-37. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222111890%22">22111890)</searchLink><br />Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021 May;163(5):1257-1267. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233576912%22">33576912)</searchLink><br />J Neurotrauma. 2016 Nov 15;33(22):1969-1994. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226729611%22">26729611)</searchLink><br />Psychol Med. 1980 May;10(2):257-63. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227384328%22">7384328)</searchLink><br />J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1998 Jun;13(3):1-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229582175%22">9582175)</searchLink><br />J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry. 2021 Jan-Feb;62(1):14-21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233190792%22">33190792)</searchLink><br />J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008 Winter;20(1):118-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218305306%22">18305306)</searchLink><br />Brain Inj. 2014;28(4):398-413. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224475746%22">24475746)</searchLink><br />J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2011 Aug;50(2):114-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222053230%22">22053230)</searchLink><br />Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2018 Dec;16(4):195-203. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229621038%22">29621038)</searchLink><br />J Nerv Ment Dis. 2012 Jun;200(6):526-30. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222652618%22">22652618)</searchLink><br />J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1986 Jul;49(7):764-70. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223746307%22">3746307)</searchLink><br />Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1999 Jun;53(3):433-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210459749%22">10459749)</searchLink><br />J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 May;47(5):505-13. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%226736983%22">6736983)</searchLink><br />Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 5;5(1):210. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227919275%22">27919275)</searchLink><br />Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2006 Feb;8(1):73-80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216513045%22">16513045)</searchLink><br />Clin Kidney J. 2022 Jan 31;15(6):1209-1210. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235664274%22">35664274)</searchLink><br />J Affect Disord. 2019 Jan 15;243:1-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230218878%22">30218878)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychologia. 2017 Dec;107:68-75. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229126929%22">29126929)</searchLink><br />Front Neurol. 2024 Oct 09;15:1412304. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239445189%22">39445189)</searchLink><br />Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2011;7:269-95. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221166535%22">21166535)</searchLink><br />J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1984 Mar;47(3):260-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%226707671%22">6707671)</searchLink><br />Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015 Jul 01;11:1601-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226170672%22">26170672)</searchLink><br />Int J Psychiatry Med. 1982-1983;12(4):275-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%227166459%22">7166459)</searchLink><br />J Craniofac Surg. 2014 Jul;25(4):1164-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225006888%22">25006888)</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
  Group:
  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Disinhibition; Neuropsychiatry; Organic personality disorder; Personality change; Secondary personality disorder; Traumatic brain injury
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
  Group: Date
  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260803 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260804 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260923
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260923
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13433385
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1007/s00415-026-14028-0
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42547613
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42547613
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1007/s00415-026-14028-0
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain Injuries, Traumatic complications
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brain Injuries, Traumatic psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality Disorders etiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality Disorders epidemiology
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Personality change after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Burns L
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Jones K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Kerr K
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Brennan N
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Clapshaw N
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Green H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Farrimond H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Stone C
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wilkinson S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Members Of Headway London
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Bell V
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 03
              M: 08
              Text: 2026 Aug 03
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1432-1459
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 273
            – Type: issue
              Value: 8
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Journal of neurology
              Type: main
ResultId 1