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Minimal Emotional Dysfunctions (MED) in Personality Disorders: A Narrative Review.

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Τίτλος: Minimal Emotional Dysfunctions (MED) in Personality Disorders: A Narrative Review.
Συγγραφείς: Christensen N; From Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany., Muschalla B; From Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
Πηγή: Journal of personality disorders [J Pers Disord] 2026 Aug; Vol. 40 (4), pp. 374-389.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Guilford Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8710838 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1943-2763 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0885579X NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Pers Disord Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: New York : Guilford Press, [1987-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Personality Disorders*/physiopathology , Personality Disorders*/classification , Personality Disorders*/psychology , Affective Symptoms*/physiopathology , Affective Symptoms*/classification , Emotions*/physiology, Humans
Περίληψη: Emotional dysfunctions are fundamental to understanding personality disorders (PDs). The Minimal Emotional Dysfunctions (MED) model offers a systematic approach by categorizing these dysfunctions into disorders of affect modulation, production, and quality. It posits that PDs are primarily emotional disorders, with emotional disturbances shaping cognitive and interpersonal difficulties. This narrative review synthesizes empirical research on emotional dysfunctions in PDs, focusing on their classification within the MED model. A selective literature search integrated relevant findings to provide a framework for understanding emotional disturbances in PDs. The review highlights that dysfunctions of affect modulation, production, and quality manifest in distinct patterns across PDs and can be classified within the MED model. Emotional dysfunctions are a core feature of PDs and require more nuanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The dimensional framework of ICD-11 and the MED model offers valuable perspectives for understanding the complexity of emotional disturbances in PDs.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: affect expression; affect modulation; affect quality; emotional dysfunctions; personality disorders; psychopathology
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260803 Date Completed: 20260803 Latest Revision: 20260803
Update Code: 20260804
DOI: 10.1521/pedi.2026.40.4.374
PMID: 42546157
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
FullText Text:
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DbLabel: MEDLINE
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Minimal Emotional Dysfunctions (MED) in Personality Disorders: A Narrative Review.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Christensen+N%22">Christensen N</searchLink>; From Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Muschalla+B%22">Muschalla B</searchLink>; From Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy, and Diagnostics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%228710838%22">Journal of personality disorders</searchLink> [J Pers Disord] 2026 Aug; Vol. 40 (4), pp. 374-389.
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  Data: Journal Article; Review
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Guilford+Press%22">Guilford Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>8710838 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1943-2763 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%220885579X%22">0885579X </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Pers Disord <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: New York : Guilford Press, [1987-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+classification%22">classification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders%22">Personality Disorders*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Personality+Disorders+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Affective+Symptoms%22">Affective Symptoms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Affective+Symptoms+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Affective+Symptoms%22">Affective Symptoms*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Affective+Symptoms+classification%22">classification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Emotions%22">Emotions*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Emotions+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Emotional dysfunctions are fundamental to understanding personality disorders (PDs). The Minimal Emotional Dysfunctions (MED) model offers a systematic approach by categorizing these dysfunctions into disorders of affect modulation, production, and quality. It posits that PDs are primarily emotional disorders, with emotional disturbances shaping cognitive and interpersonal difficulties. This narrative review synthesizes empirical research on emotional dysfunctions in PDs, focusing on their classification within the MED model. A selective literature search integrated relevant findings to provide a framework for understanding emotional disturbances in PDs. The review highlights that dysfunctions of affect modulation, production, and quality manifest in distinct patterns across PDs and can be classified within the MED model. Emotional dysfunctions are a core feature of PDs and require more nuanced diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. The dimensional framework of ICD-11 and the MED model offers valuable perspectives for understanding the complexity of emotional disturbances in PDs.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>affect expression; affect modulation; affect quality; emotional dysfunctions; personality disorders; psychopathology
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260803 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260803 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260803
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  Data: 10.1521/pedi.2026.40.4.374
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        StartPage: 374
    Subjects:
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality Disorders physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality Disorders classification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Personality Disorders psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affective Symptoms physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Affective Symptoms classification
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      – SubjectFull: Emotions physiology
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Minimal Emotional Dysfunctions (MED) in Personality Disorders: A Narrative Review.
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              Text: 2026 Aug
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
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