Academic Journal
Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Approach- and Avoidance-Motivated Actions.
| Τίτλος: | Common and Distinct Neural Substrates for Approach- and Avoidance-Motivated Actions. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Sugawara SK; Neural Prosthetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan sugawara-sh@igakuken.or.jp nishimura-yk@igakuken.or.jp.; Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan., Nakayama Y; Neural Prosthetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan.; Department of Liberal Arts and Basic Sciences, College of Industrial Technology, Nihon University, Narashino, Chiba 275-8576, Japan., Hamano YH; Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan.; Research Fellow for the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan., Yamamoto T; Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Core for Spin Life Science, Okazaki Collaborative Platform, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan., Fukunaga M; Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Core for Spin Life Science, Okazaki Collaborative Platform, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Physiological Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan., Sadato N; Division of Cerebral Integration, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Core for Spin Life Science, Okazaki Collaborative Platform, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.; Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan., Nishimura Y; Neural Prosthetics Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan sugawara-sh@igakuken.or.jp nishimura-yk@igakuken.or.jp. |
| Πηγή: | The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience [J Neurosci] 2026 Aug 26; Vol. 46 (34). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Aug 26. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Society for Neuroscience Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8102140 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1529-2401 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02706474 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Washington, DC : Society for Neuroscience Original Publication: [Baltimore, Md.] : The Society, c1981- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Motivation*/physiology , Avoidance Learning*/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex*/physiology , Brain Mapping*, Reaction Time/physiology ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Hand Strength/physiology ; Motor Cortex/physiology ; Humans ; Female ; Male ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Reward ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted |
| Περίληψη: | The motivation to approach rewards and avoid negative outcomes often guides human action. However, whether these opposing motivations for actions engage common or distinct neural pathways in humans remains unresolved. To address this, we conducted a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using a ready-set-go task with potential monetary gains (approach) and losses (avoidance) in 29 healthy individuals (18 males and 11 females). At the prefrontal level, the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex were preferentially activated by the anticipation of gains and losses, respectively, indicating distinct cortical representations of approach and avoidance motivations. At the subcortical level, the dorsolateral ventral midbrain (VM) was engaged during the anticipation of both gains and losses, whereas the ventromedial VM was selectively activated by gain anticipation. Crucially, dorsolateral VM activity was positively correlated with the subsequent peak grip force but not the reaction time (RT), suggesting its role in transmitting motivational signals to downstream motor circuits. At the motor cortical level, the activity of the primary motor cortex was correlated with both the grip force and RT. Together, these findings suggest a hierarchical circuit in which approach and avoidance motivations are distinctly represented in the prefrontal cortex, partially converge in the VM, and ultimately influence motor cortex activity to generate motor output. This framework provides evidence that opposing motivations engage both distinct and shared neural pathways and that their integration through subcortical-cortical interactions enables motivational signals to shape human motor action. (Copyright © 2026 Sugawara et al.) |
| Competing Interests: | The authors declare no competing financial interests. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: dopamine; medial prefrontal cortex; midbrain; motivation; motor performance |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260730 Date Completed: 20260826 Latest Revision: 20260830 |
| Update Code: | 20260830 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13522288 |
| DOI: | 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0238-26.2026 |
| PMID: | 42532842 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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