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Does noncredible reporting moderate the relationship of executive functioning ratings to executive functioning tests, psychological symptoms, or functional impairment in adults seeking assessment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

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Title: Does noncredible reporting moderate the relationship of executive functioning ratings to executive functioning tests, psychological symptoms, or functional impairment in adults seeking assessment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
Authors: Suhr JA; Department of Psychology, Ohio University., Jankowski A; Department of Psychology, Ohio University., Lambertus T; Department of Psychology, Ohio University., Lee GJ; Department of Psychology, Ohio University.
Source: Psychological assessment [Psychol Assess] 2026 Aug; Vol. 38 (8), pp. 562-570.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: American Psychological Association Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8915253 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1939-134X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10403590 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Psychol Assess Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Arlington, VA : American Psychological Association, [c1989-
MeSH Terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/diagnosis , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/psychology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/physiopathology , Executive Function*/physiology , Neuropsychological Tests*/standards , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales*/standards , Self Report*, Humans ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; Young Adult ; Middle Aged ; Reproducibility of Results ; Adolescent
Abstract: Studies show poor agreement between executive functioning (EF) rating scales and objective EF tests. However, few studies have considered how this relationship may be impacted by noncredible reporting on symptom validity tests. This may be especially relevant in the context of assessment of adults for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where there is heavy reliance on EF rating scales, high rates of noncredible presentation, and notable external incentives (e.g., stimulant medication and academic accommodations). We examined the impact of overreporting on EF rating scales, as well as the relation of scores on EF rating scales to scores on EF tests and self-reported impairment in an archival sample of adults who presented for ADHD evaluation (N = 99). Noncredible reporters demonstrated higher EF rating scale scores than credible reporters. In the full sample, EF rating scale scores were largely unrelated to EF test scores, with no moderating effect of symptom validity test group. However, higher EF rating scale scores were related to more psychological distress, with larger effect sizes in the credible reporting group for depression scores. EF ratings were related to self-reported functional impairment, regardless of group status. While results do not suggest noncredible report is a major contributor to divergence between EF ratings and EF test scores, they do suggest that a commonly used EF rating measure is vulnerable to noncredible reporting. This raises concern about use of EF rating scales in ADHD assessments without consideration of other factors, such as noncredible report and psychological distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260730 Date Completed: 20260730 Latest Revision: 20260730
Update Code: 20260731
DOI: 10.1037/pas0001460
PMID: 42530992
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Does noncredible reporting moderate the relationship of executive functioning ratings to executive functioning tests, psychological symptoms, or functional impairment in adults seeking assessment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Suhr+JA%22">Suhr JA</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ohio University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jankowski+A%22">Jankowski A</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ohio University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lambertus+T%22">Lambertus T</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ohio University.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lee+GJ%22">Lee GJ</searchLink>; Department of Psychology, Ohio University.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22American+Psychological+Association%22">American Psychological Association </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>8915253 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1939-134X (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2210403590%22">10403590 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Psychol Assess <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Arlington, VA : American Psychological Association, [c1989-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity%22">Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity%22">Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity%22">Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attention+Deficit+Disorder+with+Hyperactivity+physiopathology%22">physiopathology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Executive+Function%22">Executive Function*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Executive+Function+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neuropsychological+Tests%22">Neuropsychological Tests*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Neuropsychological+Tests+standards%22">standards</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Psychiatric+Status+Rating+Scales%22">Psychiatric Status Rating Scales*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Psychiatric+Status+Rating+Scales+standards%22">standards</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Self+Report%22">Self Report*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Young+Adult%22">Young Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Reproducibility+of+Results%22">Reproducibility of Results</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adolescent%22">Adolescent</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Studies show poor agreement between executive functioning (EF) rating scales and objective EF tests. However, few studies have considered how this relationship may be impacted by noncredible reporting on symptom validity tests. This may be especially relevant in the context of assessment of adults for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), where there is heavy reliance on EF rating scales, high rates of noncredible presentation, and notable external incentives (e.g., stimulant medication and academic accommodations). We examined the impact of overreporting on EF rating scales, as well as the relation of scores on EF rating scales to scores on EF tests and self-reported impairment in an archival sample of adults who presented for ADHD evaluation (N = 99). Noncredible reporters demonstrated higher EF rating scale scores than credible reporters. In the full sample, EF rating scale scores were largely unrelated to EF test scores, with no moderating effect of symptom validity test group. However, higher EF rating scale scores were related to more psychological distress, with larger effect sizes in the credible reporting group for depression scores. EF ratings were related to self-reported functional impairment, regardless of group status. While results do not suggest noncredible report is a major contributor to divergence between EF ratings and EF test scores, they do suggest that a commonly used EF rating measure is vulnerable to noncredible reporting. This raises concern about use of EF rating scales in ADHD assessments without consideration of other factors, such as noncredible report and psychological distress. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
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  Data: 10.1037/pas0001460
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  Data: 42530992
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42530992
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        Value: 10.1037/pas0001460
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 562
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      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
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      – SubjectFull: Reproducibility of Results
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      – SubjectFull: Adolescent
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity physiopathology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Executive Function physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Neuropsychological Tests standards
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Psychiatric Status Rating Scales standards
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      – SubjectFull: Self Report
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      – TitleFull: Does noncredible reporting moderate the relationship of executive functioning ratings to executive functioning tests, psychological symptoms, or functional impairment in adults seeking assessment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?
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              Text: 2026 Aug
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              Y: 2026
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