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Volatile organic compound emissions from automotive interior materials: Material selection implications for in‑vehicle air quality.

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Τίτλος: Volatile organic compound emissions from automotive interior materials: Material selection implications for in‑vehicle air quality.
Συγγραφείς: Patil Y; Environment Research Laboratory, The Automotive Research Association of India, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India. Electronic address: patil.erl@araiindia.com., Bawase M; Environment Research Laboratory, The Automotive Research Association of India, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India., Thipse S; Environment Research Laboratory, The Automotive Research Association of India, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, India.
Πηγή: Journal of chromatography. A [J Chromatogr A] 2026 Sep 27; Vol. 1785, pp. 467299. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 9318488 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-3778 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00219673 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Chromatogr A Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam ; New York : Elsevier, 1993-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Volatile Organic Compounds*/analysis , Air Pollution, Indoor*/analysis , Air Pollutants*/analysis , Vehicle Emissions*/analysis , Automobiles*, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Temperature
Περίληψη: There is an increasing trend in the use of polymeric materials in vehicle interior compartments. While these materials offer advantages such as design flexibility, reduced weight, and improved aesthetics, a key challenge is the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly under elevated temperatures typical of vehicle cabin conditions. These emissions can adversely affect in‑vehicle air quality and may contribute to occupant exposure. However, limited information is available on VOC emissions from automotive interior materials, which are typically evaluated using whole‑vehicle chamber methods or component‑level bag methods. In this study, VOC emissions from a wide range of automotive interior materials-including plastics, textiles, foams, rubbers, and composites-were quantified using thermal desorption (TD) and headspace (HS) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Emission behaviour was evaluated as a function of material type, temperature (50-100 °C), and sample size. The materials investigated represent common categories of automotive interior components; however, they do not correspond to specific manufacturer formulations and are intended for comparative, material‑level emission screening. Composite and foam materials exhibited the highest total VOC (TVOC) emissions, reaching up to 3713.09 ng g⁻¹, with toluene identified as the dominant contributor across all materials. VOC emissions increased significantly with temperature, with up to a 2.7-7.3 fold between 50 and 100 °C depending on material, while sample size had a limited influence on mass‑normalized emission rates. A strong correlation (R² = 0.93) between TD and HS methods confirms their consistency for material screening applications. The findings highlight the critical role of material selection and thermal exposure in influencing VOC emissions. The results are particularly relevant for comparative evaluation of material categories during early design stages and support the use of rapid screening methods for comparative material evaluation in the context of in‑vehicle air quality.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Car interior materials; ISO 12219-2; Polymers; VIAQ; VOCs; Vehicle interior air quality
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Volatile Organic Compounds)
0 (Air Pollutants)
0 (Vehicle Emissions)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260728 Date Completed: 20260812 Latest Revision: 20260812
Update Code: 20260813
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2026.467299
PMID: 42520451
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: There is an increasing trend in the use of polymeric materials in vehicle interior compartments. While these materials offer advantages such as design flexibility, reduced weight, and improved aesthetics, a key challenge is the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particularly under elevated temperatures typical of vehicle cabin conditions. These emissions can adversely affect in‑vehicle air quality and may contribute to occupant exposure. However, limited information is available on VOC emissions from automotive interior materials, which are typically evaluated using whole‑vehicle chamber methods or component‑level bag methods. In this study, VOC emissions from a wide range of automotive interior materials-including plastics, textiles, foams, rubbers, and composites-were quantified using thermal desorption (TD) and headspace (HS) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. Emission behaviour was evaluated as a function of material type, temperature (50-100 °C), and sample size. The materials investigated represent common categories of automotive interior components; however, they do not correspond to specific manufacturer formulations and are intended for comparative, material‑level emission screening. Composite and foam materials exhibited the highest total VOC (TVOC) emissions, reaching up to 3713.09 ng g⁻¹, with toluene identified as the dominant contributor across all materials. VOC emissions increased significantly with temperature, with up to a 2.7-7.3 fold between 50 and 100 °C depending on material, while sample size had a limited influence on mass‑normalized emission rates. A strong correlation (R² = 0.93) between TD and HS methods confirms their consistency for material screening applications. The findings highlight the critical role of material selection and thermal exposure in influencing VOC emissions. The results are particularly relevant for comparative evaluation of material categories during early design stages and support the use of rapid screening methods for comparative material evaluation in the context of in‑vehicle air quality.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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