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Surface Electromyography-Based Evaluation of Neuromuscular Recruitment Under Different Resistance Conditions During Water-Resistance Rowing.

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Title: Surface Electromyography-Based Evaluation of Neuromuscular Recruitment Under Different Resistance Conditions During Water-Resistance Rowing.
Authors: Sha L; Department of Sports Training, Jilin Sport University, Changchun 130022, China.; Department of Education and Learning Technology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan., Chiu WH; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
Source: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [Sensors (Basel)] 2026 Jul 17; Vol. 26 (14). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 17.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101204366 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1424-8220 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14248220 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Sensors (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI, c2000-
MeSH Terms: Electromyography*/methods , Muscle, Skeletal*/physiology , Water Sports*/physiology , Recruitment, Neurophysiological*/physiology , Resistance Training*, Isometric Contraction/physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Adult ; Young Adult ; Water
Abstract: Water-resistance rowing machines are widely used in fitness and rehabilitation; however, the neuromuscular effects of different resistance levels remain unclear. This study investigated resistance-dependent muscle activation during water-resistance rowing using surface electromyography (sEMG). Participants performed rowing exercise under four water-resistance conditions (MIN, Level 2, Level 3, and MAX) while maintaining a fixed stroke rate of 40 cycles/min. sEMG signals from the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid, latissimus dorsi, rectus femoris, and tibialis anterior were collected using a Delsys wireless system (1000 Hz) and normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Results revealed significant interaction effects between resistance level and muscle group. The biceps brachii exhibited the greatest activation across all resistance conditions, whereas overall muscle activation remained below 40% MVIC. Activation differences were limited among the first three resistance levels but increased substantially at the highest resistance level. These findings support the use of sEMG for quantifying resistance-dependent neuromuscular adaptations and optimizing exercise prescription monitoring.
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Grant Information: MOST-108-2410-H-007-080 National Tsing Hua University and National Science and Technology Council
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: exercise evaluation; muscle activation; neuromuscular control; resistance modulation; surface electromyography (sEMG); water-resistance rowing machine
Substance Nomenclature: 059QF0KO0R (Water)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260728 Date Completed: 20260729 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13417080
DOI: 10.3390/s26144546
PMID: 42515428
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1424-8220
DOI:10.3390/s26144546