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Baseline Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Field and Colony Populations of Phlebotomus tobbi and Preliminary Assessment of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Cultivable Bacteria.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Baseline Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Field and Colony Populations of Phlebotomus tobbi and Preliminary Assessment of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Cultivable Bacteria.
Συγγραφείς: Karakuş M; Department of Medical Microbiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye., Yılmaz A; VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Türkiye., Okbay M; VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Türkiye., Pekağırbaş M; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Türkiye., Erisoz Kasap O; VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.
Πηγή: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) [Pathogens] 2026 Jun 23; Vol. 15 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 23.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: MDPI AG Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101596317 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2076-0817 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20760817 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pathogens Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Basel, Switzerland : MDPI AG, 2012-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Phlebotomus*/microbiology , Phlebotomus*/parasitology , Bacteria*/classification , Bacteria*/isolation & purification , Bacteria*/genetics , Gastrointestinal Microbiome* , Leishmania infantum*, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Animals ; Female ; Male ; Phylogeny
Περίληψη: Sand fly midgut microbiota plays a critical role in shaping Leishmania development and vector competence, yet functional evidence from natural vector populations remains limited. In this study, sand flies were collected between 2020 and 2022 in Cukurova region, Türkiye to characterize the gut bacterial composition of Phlebotomus tobbi and evaluate the anti-leishmanial potential of cultivable isolates. A total of 1739 sand flies were captured (878 females, 861 males), of which Ph. tobbi was the predominant species (n = 1312). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4-V6) showed that the gut microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria, with Erwinia aphidicola/persicina representing the most abundant species across all analyzed groups. Fourteen cultivable bacterial species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, including Serratia liquefaciens, Pantoea agglomerans, and Micrococcus luteus. Functional XTT assays against Leishmania infantum promastigotes demonstrated variable inhibitory activity among isolates. The strongest leishmanicidal effects were observed with S. liquefaciens (32.3%) and M. luteus (28.8%). Morphological examination confirmed promastigote rounding and cell death in isolates showing >25% activity. These findings define the gut bacterial landscape of Ph. tobbi in an endemic region and identify bacterial taxa with in vitro anti-leishmanial activity, highlighting their potential for future microbiota-based or paratransgenic control strategies.
References: J Vector Ecol. 2011 Mar;36 Suppl 1:S1-9. (PMID: 21366760)
Exp Parasitol. 1990 Oct;71(3):267-75. (PMID: 2170165)
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2024 Mar 31;18(1):12-27. (PMID: 39005545)
mBio. 2017 Jan 17;8(1):. (PMID: 28096483)
Curr Trop Med Rep. 2021;8(2):121-132. (PMID: 33747716)
Vet Parasitol. 2015 Dec 15;214(3-4):295-302. (PMID: 26415899)
J Biol Chem. 2012 Jul 6;287(28):23995-4003. (PMID: 22645126)
PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50259. (PMID: 23226255)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Feb 22;10(2):e0004458. (PMID: 26900688)
Parasit Vectors. 2026 Feb 11;19(1):. (PMID: 41673724)
Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 01;14(1):e2022053. (PMID: 35865400)
Front Immunol. 2026 Jan 05;16:1717935. (PMID: 41562094)
Parasite. 2017;24:42. (PMID: 29139377)
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Aug 19;2020:5458063. (PMID: 32923482)
Cell Microbiol. 2017 Oct;19(10):. (PMID: 28580630)
Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 1;7(1):14812. (PMID: 29093481)
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Aug 22;12(1):410. (PMID: 31439012)
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jan 7;12(1):10. (PMID: 30616668)
Parasitol Res. 2024 Jan 4;123(1):82. (PMID: 38175278)
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2016 Dec;34:82-89. (PMID: 27565628)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jul 08;9(7):e0003923. (PMID: 26154607)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2026 Feb 12;20(2):e0013654. (PMID: 41678582)
QJM. 2014 Jan;107(1):7-14. (PMID: 23744570)
Parasitology. 2018 Sep;145(10):1336-1353. (PMID: 29921334)
Parasit Vectors. 2016 Aug 31;9:480. (PMID: 27581188)
Clin Lab Med. 2013 Sep;33(3):589-609. (PMID: 23931840)
Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1987;80(2):252-60. (PMID: 3608007)
Folia Parasitol. 2002;49(1):73-7. (PMID: 11993554)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Apr 24;8(4):e2728. (PMID: 24763283)
Acta Trop. 2019 Feb;190:59-67. (PMID: 30412694)
Parasit Vectors. 2023 Aug 31;16(1):310. (PMID: 37653518)
Int J Parasitol. 2009 Jan;39(2):251-6. (PMID: 18761342)
Parasit Vectors. 2022 Mar 31;15(1):112. (PMID: 35361286)
Trends Parasitol. 2006 Dec;22(12):552-7. (PMID: 17023215)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Jul 19;16(7):e0010609. (PMID: 35853080)
PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Oct 14;14(10):e0008666. (PMID: 33052941)
Pathog Glob Health. 2013 Sep;107(6):285-92. (PMID: 24188239)
J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2016 Jan 06;10(3):347-63. (PMID: 27308293)
Parasitol Int. 2025 Jun;106:103021. (PMID: 39719247)
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Mar;106(3):186-90. (PMID: 22284721)
Parasit Vectors. 2025 Dec 4;19(1):16. (PMID: 41345699)
Annu Rev Entomol. 1974;19:363-84. (PMID: 4592891)
J Parasit Dis. 2024 Dec;48(4):655-670. (PMID: 39493480)
Acta Trop. 2002 Oct;84(1):43-8. (PMID: 12387909)
Nat Commun. 2025 May 8;16(1):3571. (PMID: 40341020)
Microorganisms. 2025 Sep 30;13(10):. (PMID: 41156739)
PLoS Pathog. 2015 Aug 28;11(8):e1005127. (PMID: 26317207)
Parasit Vectors. 2011 May 19;4:82. (PMID: 21595907)
Microorganisms. 2021 Jun 04;9(6):. (PMID: 34199688)
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Nov 06;16:1667335. (PMID: 41281318)
Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2024 Sep 12;44:e00857. (PMID: 39328926)
Grant Information: 218Z030 TUBİTAK
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: 16S rRNA sequencing; Leishmania infantum; MALDI-TOF; Phlebotomus tobbi; leishmanicidal activity; midgut microbiota; paratransgenesis
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (RNA, Ribosomal, 16S)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260728 Date Completed: 20260729 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13416292
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens15070658
PMID: 42514985
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Baseline Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Field and Colony Populations of Phlebotomus tobbi and Preliminary Assessment of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Cultivable Bacteria.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Karakuş+M%22">Karakuş M</searchLink>; Department of Medical Microbiology, Hamidiye Faculty of Medicine, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yılmaz+A%22">Yılmaz A</searchLink>; VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Okbay+M%22">Okbay M</searchLink>; VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Pekağırbaş+M%22">Pekağırbaş M</searchLink>; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09016, Türkiye.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Erisoz+Kasap+O%22">Erisoz Kasap O</searchLink>; VERG Laboratories, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara 06800, Türkiye.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101596317%22">Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)</searchLink> [Pathogens] 2026 Jun 23; Vol. 15 (7). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 23.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22MDPI+AG%22">MDPI AG </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Switzerland <i>NLM ID: </i>101596317 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2076-0817 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2220760817%22">20760817 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Pathogens <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phlebotomus%22">Phlebotomus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phlebotomus+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phlebotomus%22">Phlebotomus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Phlebotomus+parasitology%22">parasitology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteria%22">Bacteria*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteria+classification%22">classification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteria%22">Bacteria*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteria+isolation+%26+purification%22">isolation & purification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteria%22">Bacteria*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteria+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gastrointestinal+Microbiome%22">Gastrointestinal Microbiome*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Leishmania+infantum%22">Leishmania infantum*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA%2C+Ribosomal%2C+16S%22">RNA, Ribosomal, 16S</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA%2C+Ribosomal%2C+16S+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Sand fly midgut microbiota plays a critical role in shaping Leishmania development and vector competence, yet functional evidence from natural vector populations remains limited. In this study, sand flies were collected between 2020 and 2022 in Cukurova region, Türkiye to characterize the gut bacterial composition of Phlebotomus tobbi and evaluate the anti-leishmanial potential of cultivable isolates. A total of 1739 sand flies were captured (878 females, 861 males), of which Ph. tobbi was the predominant species (n = 1312). 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing (V4-V6) showed that the gut microbiota was dominated by Proteobacteria, with Erwinia aphidicola/persicina representing the most abundant species across all analyzed groups. Fourteen cultivable bacterial species were identified by MALDI-TOF MS, including Serratia liquefaciens, Pantoea agglomerans, and Micrococcus luteus. Functional XTT assays against Leishmania infantum promastigotes demonstrated variable inhibitory activity among isolates. The strongest leishmanicidal effects were observed with S. liquefaciens (32.3%) and M. luteus (28.8%). Morphological examination confirmed promastigote rounding and cell death in isolates showing >25% activity. These findings define the gut bacterial landscape of Ph. tobbi in an endemic region and identify bacterial taxa with in vitro anti-leishmanial activity, highlighting their potential for future microbiota-based or paratransgenic control strategies.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: J Vector Ecol. 2011 Mar;36 Suppl 1:S1-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221366760%22">21366760)</searchLink><br />Exp Parasitol. 1990 Oct;71(3):267-75. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%222170165%22">2170165)</searchLink><br />J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2024 Mar 31;18(1):12-27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239005545%22">39005545)</searchLink><br />mBio. 2017 Jan 17;8(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228096483%22">28096483)</searchLink><br />Curr Trop Med Rep. 2021;8(2):121-132. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233747716%22">33747716)</searchLink><br />Vet Parasitol. 2015 Dec 15;214(3-4):295-302. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226415899%22">26415899)</searchLink><br />J Biol Chem. 2012 Jul 6;287(28):23995-4003. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222645126%22">22645126)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e50259. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223226255%22">23226255)</searchLink><br />PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2016 Feb 22;10(2):e0004458. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226900688%22">26900688)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2026 Feb 11;19(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241673724%22">41673724)</searchLink><br />Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2022 Jul 01;14(1):e2022053. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235865400%22">35865400)</searchLink><br />Front Immunol. 2026 Jan 05;16:1717935. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241562094%22">41562094)</searchLink><br />Parasite. 2017;24:42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229139377%22">29139377)</searchLink><br />Biomed Res Int. 2020 Aug 19;2020:5458063. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232923482%22">32923482)</searchLink><br />Cell Microbiol. 2017 Oct;19(10):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228580630%22">28580630)</searchLink><br />Sci Rep. 2017 Nov 1;7(1):14812. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229093481%22">29093481)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2019 Aug 22;12(1):410. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231439012%22">31439012)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2019 Jan 7;12(1):10. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230616668%22">30616668)</searchLink><br />Parasitol Res. 2024 Jan 4;123(1):82. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238175278%22">38175278)</searchLink><br />Curr Opin Microbiol. 2016 Dec;34:82-89. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227565628%22">27565628)</searchLink><br />PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015 Jul 08;9(7):e0003923. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226154607%22">26154607)</searchLink><br />PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2026 Feb 12;20(2):e0013654. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241678582%22">41678582)</searchLink><br />QJM. 2014 Jan;107(1):7-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223744570%22">23744570)</searchLink><br />Parasitology. 2018 Sep;145(10):1336-1353. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229921334%22">29921334)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2016 Aug 31;9:480. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227581188%22">27581188)</searchLink><br />Clin Lab Med. 2013 Sep;33(3):589-609. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223931840%22">23931840)</searchLink><br />Bull Soc Pathol Exot Filiales. 1987;80(2):252-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%223608007%22">3608007)</searchLink><br />Folia Parasitol. 2002;49(1):73-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211993554%22">11993554)</searchLink><br />PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Apr 24;8(4):e2728. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224763283%22">24763283)</searchLink><br />Acta Trop. 2019 Feb;190:59-67. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230412694%22">30412694)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2023 Aug 31;16(1):310. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237653518%22">37653518)</searchLink><br />Int J Parasitol. 2009 Jan;39(2):251-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218761342%22">18761342)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2022 Mar 31;15(1):112. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235361286%22">35361286)</searchLink><br />Trends Parasitol. 2006 Dec;22(12):552-7. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217023215%22">17023215)</searchLink><br />PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022 Jul 19;16(7):e0010609. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235853080%22">35853080)</searchLink><br />PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020 Oct 14;14(10):e0008666. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233052941%22">33052941)</searchLink><br />Pathog Glob Health. 2013 Sep;107(6):285-92. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224188239%22">24188239)</searchLink><br />J Arthropod Borne Dis. 2016 Jan 06;10(3):347-63. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227308293%22">27308293)</searchLink><br />Parasitol Int. 2025 Jun;106:103021. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239719247%22">39719247)</searchLink><br />Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012 Mar;106(3):186-90. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222284721%22">22284721)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2025 Dec 4;19(1):16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241345699%22">41345699)</searchLink><br />Annu Rev Entomol. 1974;19:363-84. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%224592891%22">4592891)</searchLink><br />J Parasit Dis. 2024 Dec;48(4):655-670. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239493480%22">39493480)</searchLink><br />Acta Trop. 2002 Oct;84(1):43-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212387909%22">12387909)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2025 May 8;16(1):3571. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240341020%22">40341020)</searchLink><br />Microorganisms. 2025 Sep 30;13(10):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241156739%22">41156739)</searchLink><br />PLoS Pathog. 2015 Aug 28;11(8):e1005127. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226317207%22">26317207)</searchLink><br />Parasit Vectors. 2011 May 19;4:82. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221595907%22">21595907)</searchLink><br />Microorganisms. 2021 Jun 04;9(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234199688%22">34199688)</searchLink><br />Front Plant Sci. 2025 Nov 06;16:1667335. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241281318%22">41281318)</searchLink><br />Biotechnol Rep (Amst). 2024 Sep 12;44:e00857. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239328926%22">39328926)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>16S rRNA sequencing; Leishmania infantum; MALDI-TOF; Phlebotomus tobbi; leishmanicidal activity; midgut microbiota; paratransgenesis
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        Value: 10.3390/pathogens15070658
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        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phylogeny
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      – SubjectFull: Phlebotomus microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phlebotomus parasitology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria classification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria isolation & purification
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteria genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gastrointestinal Microbiome
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Leishmania infantum
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Baseline Characterization of the Gut Microbiota of Field and Colony Populations of Phlebotomus tobbi and Preliminary Assessment of the Anti-Leishmanial Activity of Cultivable Bacteria.
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      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Okbay M
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Pekağırbaş M
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Erisoz Kasap O
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 23
              M: 06
              Text: 2026 Jun 23
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2076-0817
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 15
            – Type: issue
              Value: 7
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
              Type: main
ResultId 1