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Empowerment and Community Process Diagnosis to Promote Epidemiological Surveillance of Nursing Diagnoses: A MAIEC-Based Study in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, Portugal.

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Title: Empowerment and Community Process Diagnosis to Promote Epidemiological Surveillance of Nursing Diagnoses: A MAIEC-Based Study in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, Portugal.
Authors: Melo P; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal., Silva R; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal., Vieira F; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal., Barbeitos S; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal., Figueiredo S; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal., Silva S; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
Source: International journal of environmental research and public health [Int J Environ Res Public Health] 2026 Jun 24; Vol. 23 (7). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 24.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101238455 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1660-4601 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 16604601 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Environ Res Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Basel : MDPI, c2004-
MeSH Terms: Empowerment* , Nursing Diagnosis* , Epidemiological Monitoring*, Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis ; Humans ; Portugal ; Female ; Azores
Abstract: This study assessed community process and empowerment in a Primary Healthcare Island Unit in the Azores to support the implementation of Epidemiological Surveillance of Nursing Diagnoses (ESND), focusing on three priority areas: tobacco use, drug dependence, and adolescent decision-making related to sexuality and life planning. Strengthening the visibility of nursing-sensitive phenomena requires integrating nursing diagnoses into epidemiological surveillance systems. A multimethod descriptive study was conducted between September and November 2025, combining document analysis, a community empowerment assessment, and a structured questionnaire. The total population included 328 nurses, with 172 participants (response rate: 52.4%) using a non-probabilistic sampling approach. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations). Priority nursing foci were identified according to the ICNP® 2019 classification: tobacco use, drug dependence, and decision-making process related to sexuality and life planning. Results showed that all three dimensions of the MAIEC were weak: community leadership was limited, particularly in knowledge indicators; participation was constrained by unclear organizational structures and insufficient communication; and coping capacity was insufficient due to limited training and experience. Empowerment assessment confirmed structural weaknesses in leadership, organizational support, and resource mobilization. Overall, the community process and empowerment profile indicate that the conditions required to sustain ESND are not yet sufficiently developed. Strengthening leadership, improving communication, and expanding training in ESND and ICNP® documentation are essential to support nurse-centered surveillance and enhance the visibility of nursing contributions to population health.
References: Int J Nurs Pract. 2010 Apr;16(2):112-24. (PMID: 20487056)
J Clin Nurs. 2008 Aug;17(16):2116-24. (PMID: 18710374)
J Adv Nurs. 2011 Sep;67(9):1858-75. (PMID: 21466578)
J Adv Nurs. 2010 Nov;66(11):2481-9. (PMID: 20735494)
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;232:165-171. (PMID: 28106594)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: ICNP®; MAIEC; community empowerment; community health nursing; epidemiological surveillance of nursing diagnoses; health information systems; nursing diagnoses; primary healthcare; public health nursing
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260728 Date Completed: 20260729 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13411474
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph23070830
PMID: 42512136
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Empowerment and Community Process Diagnosis to Promote Epidemiological Surveillance of Nursing Diagnoses: A MAIEC-Based Study in the Autonomous Region of the Azores, Portugal.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Melo+P%22">Melo P</searchLink>; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Silva+R%22">Silva R</searchLink>; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vieira+F%22">Vieira F</searchLink>; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barbeitos+S%22">Barbeitos S</searchLink>; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Figueiredo+S%22">Figueiredo S</searchLink>; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Silva+S%22">Silva S</searchLink>; RISE-Health, MAIEC Lab, Nursing School, University of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 830/844/856, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.; São Miguel Island Health Unit, Grotinha nº1, 9500-354 Ponta Delgada, Portugal.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Empowerment%22">Empowerment*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Nursing+Diagnosis%22">Nursing Diagnosis*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Epidemiological+Monitoring%22">Epidemiological Monitoring*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Substance-Related+Disorders%22">Substance-Related Disorders</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Substance-Related+Disorders+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Substance-Related+Disorders%22">Substance-Related Disorders</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Substance-Related+Disorders+diagnosis%22">diagnosis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Portugal%22">Portugal</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Azores%22">Azores</searchLink>
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  Data: This study assessed community process and empowerment in a Primary Healthcare Island Unit in the Azores to support the implementation of Epidemiological Surveillance of Nursing Diagnoses (ESND), focusing on three priority areas: tobacco use, drug dependence, and adolescent decision-making related to sexuality and life planning. Strengthening the visibility of nursing-sensitive phenomena requires integrating nursing diagnoses into epidemiological surveillance systems. A multimethod descriptive study was conducted between September and November 2025, combining document analysis, a community empowerment assessment, and a structured questionnaire. The total population included 328 nurses, with 172 participants (response rate: 52.4%) using a non-probabilistic sampling approach. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations). Priority nursing foci were identified according to the ICNP<superscript>®</superscript> 2019 classification: tobacco use, drug dependence, and decision-making process related to sexuality and life planning. Results showed that all three dimensions of the MAIEC were weak: community leadership was limited, particularly in knowledge indicators; participation was constrained by unclear organizational structures and insufficient communication; and coping capacity was insufficient due to limited training and experience. Empowerment assessment confirmed structural weaknesses in leadership, organizational support, and resource mobilization. Overall, the community process and empowerment profile indicate that the conditions required to sustain ESND are not yet sufficiently developed. Strengthening leadership, improving communication, and expanding training in ESND and ICNP<superscript>®</superscript> documentation are essential to support nurse-centered surveillance and enhance the visibility of nursing contributions to population health.
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  Data: Int J Nurs Pract. 2010 Apr;16(2):112-24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220487056%22">20487056)</searchLink><br />J Clin Nurs. 2008 Aug;17(16):2116-24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218710374%22">18710374)</searchLink><br />J Adv Nurs. 2011 Sep;67(9):1858-75. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221466578%22">21466578)</searchLink><br />J Adv Nurs. 2010 Nov;66(11):2481-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220735494%22">20735494)</searchLink><br />Stud Health Technol Inform. 2017;232:165-171. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228106594%22">28106594)</searchLink>
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