Academic Journal
Development of bisphenol a contaminant transport model in main Pampanga River, Philippines using HEC-HMS and US EPA WASP.
| Title: | Development of bisphenol a contaminant transport model in main Pampanga River, Philippines using HEC-HMS and US EPA WASP. |
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| Authors: | Austero S; Department of Community and Environmental Resource Planning, College of Human Ecology, University of the Philippines Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines. sbaustero@up.edu.ph.; Environmental Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. sbaustero@up.edu.ph., Kwan C; Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines., Arguelles K; Environmental Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines., Rollon A; Environmental Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines., Resurreccıon A; Environmental Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines.; Intstitute of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. |
| Source: | Environmental monitoring and assessment [Environ Monit Assess] 2026 Jul 28; Vol. 198 (8). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 28. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 8508350 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-2959 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01676369 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Monit Assess Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: 1998- : Dordrecht : Springer Original Publication: Dordrecht, Holland ; Boston : D. Reidel Pub. Co., c1981- |
| MeSH Terms: | Benzhydryl Compounds*/analysis , Phenols*/analysis , Environmental Monitoring*/methods , Rivers*/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical*/analysis , Endocrine Disruptors*/analysis , Models, Chemical*, Bisphenol A Compounds ; Philippines ; United States Environmental Protection Agency ; United States |
| Abstract: | Bisphenol A (BPA), a phenolic endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) usually found in food containers and other plastic components, can interfere in the mechanisms performed by the endocrine system. To predict the occurrence and concentration of BPA in the Pampanga River Basin, a contaminant transport model was generated using the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The surface water flow values in the Main Pampanga River (MPR) were approximated using the Hydrologic Engineering Center - Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) by the US Army Corps of Engineers. The concentrations of BPA in selected locations along the MPR were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Calibration and validation of the transport model of BPA revealed that the model is acceptable with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) greater than 0.5; and since the R-squared value is greater than 0.8, the model is considered to have a good fit. The model also met the criteria for model accuracy with PBIAS values between -25 and + 25. Through the contaminant transport model, the concentration of BPA can be predicted in certain locations in the MPR whenever there are changes in the sources of BPA in the area. Such model can support the environmental monitoring, assessment, and management of critical areas and provide key information to stakeholders and policymakers for evidence-based planning and policymaking. (© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethical approval: All authors have read, understood, and have complied as applicable with the statement on “Ethical responsibilities of Authors” as found in the Instructions for Authors. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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| Grant Information: | Project Code Number IIID-2017-21 Commission on Higher Education (CHED) Philippine - California Advanced Research Institutes (PCARI) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Bisphenol A; Contaminant transport model; Endocrine disrupting compound; Environmental assessment; Environmental monitoring; WASP |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Bisphenol A Compounds) 0 (Benzhydryl Compounds) MLT3645I99 (bisphenol A) 0 (Phenols) 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical) 0 (Endocrine Disruptors) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260727 Date Completed: 20260729 Latest Revision: 20260805 |
| Update Code: | 20260805 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10661-026-15703-5 |
| PMID: | 42509361 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1573-2959 |
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| DOI: | 10.1007/s10661-026-15703-5 |