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Waste biomass valorisation into high-performance CO2 adsorbents: Feedstock-dependent effects of demineralisation and KOH activation.

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Τίτλος: Waste biomass valorisation into high-performance CO2 adsorbents: Feedstock-dependent effects of demineralisation and KOH activation.
Συγγραφείς: Jerzak W; AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering & Environment Protection, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: wjerzak@agh.edu.pl., Dutka B; Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Władysława Reymonta 27, 30-059 Krakow, Poland., Sokołowski K; AGH University of Krakow, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland., Kalemba-Rec I; AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Surface Engineering & Materials Characterisation, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland., Magdziarz A; AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering & Environment Protection, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
Πηγή: Bioresource technology [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Dec; Vol. 461, pp. 135503. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 25.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9889523 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2976 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09608524 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioresour Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Barking, Essex, England : New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Applied Science ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Carbon Dioxide*/chemistry , Carbon Dioxide*/isolation & purification , Potassium Compounds*/chemistry , Hydroxides*/chemistry , Waste Products*/analysis , Minerals*/chemistry , Biomass*, Charcoal/chemistry ; Adsorption ; Porosity ; Animals ; Chickens
Περίληψη: This study investigated the feedstock-dependent development of porosity and CO2 adsorption performance in waste-derived biochars prepared from spent coffee grounds, chicken manure and onion peels. The precursors were pyrolysed at 800 °C and subsequently modified by HCl demineralisation and KOH activation under identical conditions. The results showed that the response to sequential modification was strongly controlled by the intrinsic properties of the precursor, particularly ash content, mineral composition and carbon matrix structure. HCl treatment was especially important for chicken-manure-derived biochar, where mineral removal improved pore accessibility, whereas KOH activation was primarily responsible for the development of micro- and mesoporosity. Among the activated samples, OP-BDA exhibited the highest BET surface area, increasing from 88.8 to 1474.6 m2/g. However, SCG-BDA showed the highest CO2 uptake, reaching 95.3 cm3/g at 20 °C and 100 kPa, despite its lower BET surface area. Correlation analysis confirmed that CO2 adsorption was governed mainly by ultra-micropore and narrow micropore development rather than by total surface area alone. Surface nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functionalities may provide additional local affinity, but their role appeared secondary to the dominant effect of microporosity. The activated biochars also showed favourable CO2/N2 selectivity, low isosteric heat of adsorption and good cyclic stability. These findings demonstrate that appropriately selected waste biomass can be converted into effective CO2 adsorbents, although further optimisation of reagent use, washing effluents and process economics is required.
(Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Biochar; CO(2)adsorption; Demineralisation; KOH activation; Surface chemistry
Substance Nomenclature: 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide)
WZH3C48M4T (potassium hydroxide)
0 (Potassium Compounds)
0 (Hydroxides)
16291-96-6 (Charcoal)
0 (biochar)
0 (Waste Products)
0 (Minerals)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260725 Date Completed: 20260925 Latest Revision: 20260925
Update Code: 20260925
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135503
PMID: 42501900
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Waste biomass valorisation into high-performance CO<subscript>2</subscript> adsorbents: Feedstock-dependent effects of demineralisation and KOH activation.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jerzak+W%22">Jerzak W</searchLink>; AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering & Environment Protection, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland. Electronic address: wjerzak@agh.edu.pl.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Dutka+B%22">Dutka B</searchLink>; Strata Mechanics Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Władysława Reymonta 27, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sokołowski+K%22">Sokołowski K</searchLink>; AGH University of Krakow, Academic Centre for Materials and Nanotechnology, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Kalemba-Rec+I%22">Kalemba-Rec I</searchLink>; AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Surface Engineering & Materials Characterisation, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Magdziarz+A%22">Magdziarz A</searchLink>; AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Department of Heat Engineering & Environment Protection, al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229889523%22">Bioresource technology</searchLink> [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Dec; Vol. 461, pp. 135503. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jul 25.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier+Applied+Science%22">Elsevier Applied Science </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>9889523 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1873-2976 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209608524%22">09608524 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Bioresour Technol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Barking, Essex, England : New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Applied Science ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Carbon+Dioxide%22">Carbon Dioxide*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Carbon+Dioxide+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Carbon+Dioxide%22">Carbon Dioxide*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Carbon+Dioxide+isolation+%26+purification%22">isolation & purification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds%22">Potassium Compounds*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Potassium+Compounds+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides%22">Hydroxides*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hydroxides+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Waste+Products%22">Waste Products*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Waste+Products+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Minerals%22">Minerals*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Minerals+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Biomass%22">Biomass*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Charcoal%22">Charcoal</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Charcoal+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adsorption%22">Adsorption</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Porosity%22">Porosity</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Chickens%22">Chickens</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This study investigated the feedstock-dependent development of porosity and CO<subscript>2</subscript> adsorption performance in waste-derived biochars prepared from spent coffee grounds, chicken manure and onion peels. The precursors were pyrolysed at 800 °C and subsequently modified by HCl demineralisation and KOH activation under identical conditions. The results showed that the response to sequential modification was strongly controlled by the intrinsic properties of the precursor, particularly ash content, mineral composition and carbon matrix structure. HCl treatment was especially important for chicken-manure-derived biochar, where mineral removal improved pore accessibility, whereas KOH activation was primarily responsible for the development of micro- and mesoporosity. Among the activated samples, OP-BDA exhibited the highest BET surface area, increasing from 88.8 to 1474.6 m<superscript>2</superscript>/g. However, SCG-BDA showed the highest CO<subscript>2</subscript> uptake, reaching 95.3 cm<superscript>3</superscript>/g at 20 °C and 100 kPa, despite its lower BET surface area. Correlation analysis confirmed that CO<subscript>2</subscript> adsorption was governed mainly by ultra-micropore and narrow micropore development rather than by total surface area alone. Surface nitrogen- and oxygen-containing functionalities may provide additional local affinity, but their role appeared secondary to the dominant effect of microporosity. The activated biochars also showed favourable CO<subscript>2</subscript>/N<subscript>2</subscript> selectivity, low isosteric heat of adsorption and good cyclic stability. These findings demonstrate that appropriately selected waste biomass can be converted into effective CO<subscript>2</subscript> adsorbents, although further optimisation of reagent use, washing effluents and process economics is required.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
– Name: Abstract
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Biochar; CO(2)adsorption; Demineralisation; KOH activation; Surface chemistry
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  Data: 142M471B3J (Carbon Dioxide)<br />WZH3C48M4T (potassium hydroxide)<br />0 (Potassium Compounds)<br />0 (Hydroxides)<br />16291-96-6 (Charcoal)<br />0 (biochar)<br />0 (Waste Products)<br />0 (Minerals)
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  Data: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135503
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  Data: 42501900
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42501900
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        Value: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135503
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 135503
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      – SubjectFull: Charcoal chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adsorption
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Porosity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Chickens
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        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Minerals chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Biomass
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Waste biomass valorisation into high-performance CO2 adsorbents: Feedstock-dependent effects of demineralisation and KOH activation.
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              Text: 2026 Dec
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