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The summary of crucial issues in current anammox application.

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Τίτλος: The summary of crucial issues in current anammox application.
Συγγραφείς: Guo Y; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China. Electronic address: ustbgy2015@163.com., Liu G; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China., Wang B; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China., Ma H; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China., Wang Q; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China., Li YY; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku, University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
Πηγή: Water research [Water Res] 2026 Oct 15; Vol. 305, pp. 126525. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 18.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0105072 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-2448 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00431354 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Water Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Oxford, Pergamon Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Ammonium Compounds*/metabolism , Waste Disposal, Fluid*, Bacteria/metabolism ; Nitrites/metabolism ; Anaerobiosis ; Bioreactors ; Nitrogen ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Wastewater
Περίληψη: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising low-carbon pathway for nitrogen removal, but its actual application is still limited in some scenes due to unstable nitrite supply, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) proliferation, biomass washout, and low nitrogen removal rate. This review summarizes the crucial issues governing practical anammox application. The kinetic mismatch between partial nitritation-derived nitrite production and anammox consumption is discussed together with the operational differences between one-stage and two-stage partial nitritation/anammox configurations, including nitrite accumulation, pH/alkalinity balance, free ammonia (FA)/free nitrous acid (FNA) dynamics, NOB control, and nitrous oxide emission risk. For reactor management, real-time control guided by monitoring of nitrogen species is proposed as a more reliable strategy than control based on fixed dissolved oxygen setpoints, whereas FA/FNA inhibition alone is insufficient under mainstream conditions. Inhibition diagnosis, staged startup, phosphorus recovery, engineered third sludge, and high-rate mainstream anammox are further evaluated. This review provides practical perspectives for developing mainstream anammox into a stable and reliable low-carbon wastewater treatment process.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anammox; Mainstream wastewater; Nitrite supply; Nitrogen species-based operation; Specific sludge
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Ammonium Compounds)
0 (Nitrites)
N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
0 (Wastewater)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260724 Date Completed: 20260909 Latest Revision: 20260910
Update Code: 20260911
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2026.126525
PMID: 42497562
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+Y%22">Guo Y</searchLink>; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China. Electronic address: ustbgy2015@163.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+G%22">Liu G</searchLink>; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+B%22">Wang B</searchLink>; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ma+H%22">Ma H</searchLink>; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+Q%22">Wang Q</searchLink>; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+YY%22">Li YY</searchLink>; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku, University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan.
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  Data: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a promising low-carbon pathway for nitrogen removal, but its actual application is still limited in some scenes due to unstable nitrite supply, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) proliferation, biomass washout, and low nitrogen removal rate. This review summarizes the crucial issues governing practical anammox application. The kinetic mismatch between partial nitritation-derived nitrite production and anammox consumption is discussed together with the operational differences between one-stage and two-stage partial nitritation/anammox configurations, including nitrite accumulation, pH/alkalinity balance, free ammonia (FA)/free nitrous acid (FNA) dynamics, NOB control, and nitrous oxide emission risk. For reactor management, real-time control guided by monitoring of nitrogen species is proposed as a more reliable strategy than control based on fixed dissolved oxygen setpoints, whereas FA/FNA inhibition alone is insufficient under mainstream conditions. Inhibition diagnosis, staged startup, phosphorus recovery, engineered third sludge, and high-rate mainstream anammox are further evaluated. This review provides practical perspectives for developing mainstream anammox into a stable and reliable low-carbon wastewater treatment process.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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