Academic Journal
Insights Into Perceptions, Motivations, and Barriers Toward Board Certification Among Pharmacists in Middle East Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study.
| Title: | Insights Into Perceptions, Motivations, and Barriers Toward Board Certification Among Pharmacists in Middle East Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. |
|---|---|
| Authors: | Malaeb D; College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE., Younes S; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon., Barakat M; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan., Jaber A; Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Dubai, UAE., El-Labbad EM; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt., Hassan BAR; Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq., Salim R; College of Science for Women/Department of Chemistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq., Al-Jewari WM; Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq., Mosleh R; Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine., Al Ayoubi F; Cardiology Clinical Pharmacist Department of Cardiac Sciences & CCU, King Fahad Cardiac Center & College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia., Jawad H; College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain., Hallit S; School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon., El Said NO; Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt., El Nekidy WS; Department of Pharmacy Services, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.; Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. |
| Source: | Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP [J Am Coll Clin Pharm] 2026 Aug; Vol. 9 (8), pp. e70256. |
| Publication Type: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Journal Info: | Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101723133 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2574-9870 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 25749870 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Am Coll Clin Pharm Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: [Hoboken, NJ] : Wiley, [2018]- |
| MeSH Terms: | Pharmacists*/psychology , Pharmacists*/standards , Certification* , Motivation* , Attitude of Health Personnel*, Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Middle East ; Male ; Adult ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Middle Aged ; Job Satisfaction ; Perception |
| Abstract: | Background: Pharmacist board certification through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) is expanding in many developed countries; however, research on this topic in the Middle East remains limited. This study aimed to assess the perceptions, motivations, barriers, and factors associated with pharmacists pursuing BPS board certification in Middle Eastern countries. Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire consisting of multiple sections assessing demographics, knowledge, attitudes, motivations, barriers, and job satisfaction was distributed to licensed pharmacists across Middle East countries between October 2024 and January 2025 via professional and social media platforms using a snowball sampling approach. Results: A total of 1631 pharmacists participated in the study, of whom 512 (31.4%) were board certified. Board-certified pharmacists reported higher levels of pride and self-confidence related to their certification status (p < 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that lower-income pharmacists were more likely to seek board certification (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.4; p < 0.001). Conversely, lack of guidance regarding BPS certification (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40-0.76; p < 0.001) and insufficient financial support (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40-0.84; p = 0.003) were associated with lower odds of certification. Pharmacists who learned about certification through an instructor (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-2.57; p < 0.001) or through journal articles (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.8; p = 0.045) were more likely to pursue a certification. Conclusion: This study identifies key regional barriers toward pursuing board certification particularly limited guidance and financial constraints which highlights the need for targeted strategies such as mentorship, employer support, and educational outreach to enhance certification uptake and strengthen the pharmacy workforce in the Middle East. (© 2026 The Author(s). JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of ACCP Foundation, Ltd.) |
| References: | T. N. Owaidhah, Y. M. Alahmadi, M. H. Almoutairi, et al., “The Expanding Clinical Role of Pharmacists in Modern Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Patient‐Centered Interventions,” Vascular and Endovascular Review 8, no. 11s (2025): 240–247. O. M. Akachukwu, G. O. Eigbokhan, and T. N. Nelly, “Pharmacists in Global Primary Healthcare Systems: A Comprehensive Model for Community Health Empowerment,” International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine and Surgery Research 6, no. 02 (2024): 019–028. B. E. Lawson and J. M. Guiu‐Segura, “Evaluating Board Certification Within International Advance Pharmacy Practice Frameworks,” Farmacia Hospitalaria 46, no. 3 (2022): 191–198. D. Gourley, W. Fitzgerald, Jr., and R. Davis, “Competency, Board Certification, Credentialing, and Specialization: Who Benefits?,” American Journal of Managed Care 3, no. 5 (1997): 795–801. S. G. Johnson, “Role of Board Certification in Advancing Pharmacy Practice,” Pharmacy Practice 17, no. 4 (2019): 1767. T. L. Schwinghammer, J. M. Razovzhanov, and M. B. Bottorff, “The Value of Board Certification for Pharmacists,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 34, no. 9 (2014): 981–990. M. P. Dorsch, J. M. Lose, and R. J. DiDomenico, “The Effect of Cardiovascular Credentialed Pharmacists on Process Measures and Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 34, no. 8 (2014): 803–808. T. Manapattanasatien, N. Phanthumetamat, C. Kanaderm, et al., “Establishment of Post‐Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Post‐PCI) Clinic in Thailand,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 7, no. 12 (2024): 1179–1187. F.,. J. Hlubocky and M.,. J. Fisch, “Pharmacists in Oncology Care: The Expanding Role and Impact of Board‐Certified Oncology Pharmacists,” Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 22, no. 4 (2016): 615–620. M. T. Bessesen, A. Ma, D. Clegg, et al., “Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Comparison of a Program With Infectious Diseases Pharmacist Support to a Program With a Geographic Pharmacist Staffing Model,” Hospital Pharmacy 50, no. 6 (2015): 477–483, https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5006‐477. K. S. Smetana, E. Liang, W. Adams, et al., “Pharmacist Avoidance or Reductions in Medical Costs Considering Board of Pharmacy Specialties Certification (PHARM‐BPS),” Hospital Pharmacy 60, no. 4 (2025): 362–369. M. Stepanovic, A. C. Moss, K. A. Morbitzer, and S. F. Eckel, “Evaluation of the Value of Board‐Certified Pharmacists in United States Hospitals and the Associated Impact on Clinical and Operational Measures: A Cross‐Sectional Pilot Study,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 8, no. 7 (2025): 539–547. R. J. DiDomenico, S. E. Smith, A. Chan, et al., “A Roadmap for Studying the Impact of Pharmacist Board Certification on Patient Outcomes: Feasibility, Applicability, and Methodological Considerations,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 9, no. 2 (2026): e70165. k. wood, B. Mehta, M. Pruchnicki, K. Porter, and J. Rodis, “Evaluation of Student Pharmacists' Awareness, Perceptions, and Interest in Pursuing Board Certification,” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning 7 (2015): 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.09.015. V. Zbyrak, R. M. Radwan, T. M. Salgado, D. L. Dixon, E. M. Sisson, and L. G. Pamulapati, “Job Satisfaction Among Board‐Certified Pharmacists in Virginia,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2003)J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 64, no. 1 (2024): 126–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.09.010. M. Roberts, M. Manis, J. Sebaaly, and E. Tran, “Postgraduate Year Two Pharmacy Residents' Perceptions of Pursuing Board Certification During Residency Training,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 1 (2020): 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1179. K. A. Toussaint, K. Watson, J. C. Marrs, D. A. Sturpe, S. L. Anderson, and S. T. Haines, “Prevalence of and Factors That Influence Board Certification Among Pharmacy Practice Faculty at United States Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy,” Pharmacotherapy 33, no. 1 (2013): 105–111, https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1171. V. Fedkiv, J. Delic, J. M. Hollands, S. Pasciolla, L. Pontiggia, and A. L. Bingham, “Prevalence and Value of Board Certification Among Pharmacy Practice Faculty in the United States,” American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 88, no. 1 (2024): 100623. H. A. Badreldin, S. Alosaimy, and A. Al‐jedai, “Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia: Historical Evolution and Future Perspective,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 5 (2020): 920–929. A. R. Artino, Jr., J. S. La Rochelle, K. J. Dezee, and H. Gehlbach, “Developing Questionnaires for Educational Research: AMEE Guide No. 87,” Medical Teacher 36, no. 6 (2014): 463–474. G. O. Boateng, T. B. Neilands, E. A. Frongillo, H. R. Melgar‐Quiñonez, and S. L. Young, “Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer,” Frontiers in Public Health 6 (2018): 149. S. Folland, A. C. Goodman, M. Stano, and S. Danagoulian, The Economics of Health and Health Care (Routledge, 2024). M. Penman, J. Tai, G. Evans, J. Brentnall, and B. Judd, “Designing Near‐Peer Mentoring for Work Integrated Learning Outcomes: A Systematic Review,” BMC Medical Education 24, no. 1 (2024): 937. S. Walter, K. Mulherin, and C. D. Cox, “A Preceptor Competency Framework for Pharmacists. Part 2 of a 3‐Part Series,” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning 10, no. 3 (2018): 402–410. Board of Pharmacy Specialties, “Report on Board Certified Pharmacists by Specialty and Location,” accessed April 19, 2025, https://portalbps.cyzap.net/dzapps/dbzap.bin/apps/assess/webmembers/managetool?webid=BPS&pToolCode=certrecord&pRecCmd=StatsByLocation&pLandScape=Yes. M. Elnaem and S. R. E. Jamshed, “Board Specialty Certifications for Pharmacists in Arab Countries: Current Needs and Recommendations,” Archives of Pharmacy Practice 8, no. 1 (2017): 1–6. F. Goldenshteyn, J. Dopheide, and M. Lou, “Do Pharmacist Employers Prefer or Require Board Certification?,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association 60 (2020): 66–71. A. J. Smith and M. Huke, “Value of Board Certification in the Hospital Setting: A Survey of Academic and Nonacademic Medical Centers,” Hospital Pharmacy 45 (2010): 381–388. S. L. Yeung, C. A. Vu, M. Wang, M. Lou, and T. M. Ng, “Prevalence of and Incentives for Board Certification Among Hospital Pharmacy Departments in California,” American Journal of Health‐System Pharmacy 79, no. 9 (2022): e117–e123. A. Y. Alhuzli, M. B. Alzahrani, A. J. Althobaiti, et al., “Insights Into Pharmacists' Participation in Professional Certification Programs in Saudi Arabia,” Healthcare 12, no. 19 (2024): 1943, https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12191943. M. S. Karattuthodi, S. A. Thorakkattil, S. Machanchery, et al., “Indian Pharmacists Contemplation on Board of Pharmacy Specialties Certification: A Multi‐Centric Survey,” Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Education and Research 56, no. 3s (2022): s570–s580, https://doi.org/10.5530/ijper.56.3s.166. M. A. Hammad, K. M. Al Akhali, and Y. Elsobky, “A Cross‐Sectional Study on Board Certified Pharmacists in Arab Countries 2018 Update,” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 14, no. 1 (2014): 35–44. E. LaNou, Y. Meng, P. Patel, S. Saiar, and B. K. Bakken, “Board of Pharmacy Specialties 2022 Recertification Data: Characteristics and Perceptions of Pharmacists Successfully Recertified,” American Journal of Health‐System Pharmacy 82, no. 6 (2025): 306–316, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxae308. F. G. Pradel, F. B. Palumbo, L. Flowers, C. D. Mullins, S. T. Haines, and D. S. Roffman, “White Paper: Value of Specialty Certification in Pharmacy,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2003) 44, no. 5 (2004): 612–620, https://doi.org/10.1331/1544‐3191.44.5.612.pradel. J. L. Bauman and S. T. Haines, “Aligning the Oversight of Pharmacy Education, Training, and Board Certification: A Modest Proposal,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 1 (2023): 4–5, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1697. |
| Grant Information: | FND000472/JS/RvK International Pharmaceutical Federation-Board of Pharmacy Specialties |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Middle East; barriers; board certification; motivation; pharmacist |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260722 Date Completed: 20260722 Latest Revision: 20260722 |
| Update Code: | 20260723 |
| DOI: | 10.1002/jac5.70256 |
| PMID: | 42486532 |
| Database: | MEDLINE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 CustomLinks: – Url: https://resolver.ebsco.com/c/fiv2js/result?sid=EBSCO:cmedm&genre=article&issn=25749870&ISBN=&volume=9&issue=8&date=20260801&spage=e70256&pages=e70256&title=Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP&atitle=Insights%20Into%20Perceptions%2C%20Motivations%2C%20and%20Barriers%20Toward%20Board%20Certification%20Among%20Pharmacists%20in%20Middle%20East%20Countries%3A%20A%20Cross-Sectional%20Study.&aulast=Malaeb%20D&id=DOI:10.1002/jac5.70256 Name: Full Text Finder (for New FTF UI) (ns324271) Category: fullText Text: Full Text Finder MouseOverText: Full Text Finder |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Insights Into Perceptions, Motivations, and Barriers Toward Board Certification Among Pharmacists in Middle East Countries: A Cross-Sectional Study. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Malaeb+D%22">Malaeb D</searchLink>; College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, UAE.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Younes+S%22">Younes S</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Bekaa, Lebanon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Barakat+M%22">Barakat M</searchLink>; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jaber+A%22">Jaber A</searchLink>; Faculty of Health Sciences, Higher Colleges of Technology, Dubai, UAE.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22El-Labbad+EM%22">El-Labbad EM</searchLink>; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hassan+BAR%22">Hassan BAR</searchLink>; Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Salim+R%22">Salim R</searchLink>; College of Science for Women/Department of Chemistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al-Jewari+WM%22">Al-Jewari WM</searchLink>; Al Rafidain University College, Baghdad, Iraq.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mosleh+R%22">Mosleh R</searchLink>; Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Al+Ayoubi+F%22">Al Ayoubi F</searchLink>; Cardiology Clinical Pharmacist Department of Cardiac Sciences & CCU, King Fahad Cardiac Center & College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Jawad+H%22">Jawad H</searchLink>; College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hallit+S%22">Hallit S</searchLink>; School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Jounieh, Lebanon.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22El+Said+NO%22">El Said NO</searchLink>; Department of Pharmacy Practice & Clinical Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22El+Nekidy+WS%22">El Nekidy WS</searchLink>; Department of Pharmacy Services, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.; Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22101723133%22">Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP</searchLink> [J Am Coll Clin Pharm] 2026 Aug; Vol. 9 (8), pp. e70256. – Name: TypePub Label: Publication Type Group: TypPub Data: Journal Article – Name: Language Label: Language Group: Lang Data: English – Name: TitleSource Label: Journal Info Group: Src Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Wiley%22">Wiley </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>United States <i>NLM ID: </i>101723133 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>2574-9870 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2225749870%22">25749870 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Am Coll Clin Pharm <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE – Name: PublisherInfo Label: Imprint Name(s) Group: PubInfo Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: [Hoboken, NJ] : Wiley, [2018]- – Name: SubjectMESH Label: MeSH Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists%22">Pharmacists*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists+psychology%22">psychology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists%22">Pharmacists*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Pharmacists+standards%22">standards</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Certification%22">Certification*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Motivation%22">Motivation*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Attitude+of+Health+Personnel%22">Attitude of Health Personnel*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cross-Sectional+Studies%22">Cross-Sectional Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+East%22">Middle East</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Surveys+and+Questionnaires%22">Surveys and Questionnaires</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Job+Satisfaction%22">Job Satisfaction</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Perception%22">Perception</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: Background: Pharmacist board certification through the Board of Pharmacy Specialties (BPS) is expanding in many developed countries; however, research on this topic in the Middle East remains limited. This study aimed to assess the perceptions, motivations, barriers, and factors associated with pharmacists pursuing BPS board certification in Middle Eastern countries.<br />Methods: A cross-sectional online questionnaire consisting of multiple sections assessing demographics, knowledge, attitudes, motivations, barriers, and job satisfaction was distributed to licensed pharmacists across Middle East countries between October 2024 and January 2025 via professional and social media platforms using a snowball sampling approach.<br />Results: A total of 1631 pharmacists participated in the study, of whom 512 (31.4%) were board certified. Board-certified pharmacists reported higher levels of pride and self-confidence related to their certification status (p &lt; 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression showed that lower-income pharmacists were more likely to seek board certification (odds ratio [OR] = 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4-3.4; p &lt; 0.001). Conversely, lack of guidance regarding BPS certification (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.40-0.76; p &lt; 0.001) and insufficient financial support (OR = 0.59; 95% CI: 0.40-0.84; p = 0.003) were associated with lower odds of certification. Pharmacists who learned about certification through an instructor (OR = 1.9; 95% CI: 1.4-2.57; p &lt; 0.001) or through journal articles (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 1.01-1.8; p = 0.045) were more likely to pursue a certification.<br />Conclusion: This study identifies key regional barriers toward pursuing board certification particularly limited guidance and financial constraints which highlights the need for targeted strategies such as mentorship, employer support, and educational outreach to enhance certification uptake and strengthen the pharmacy workforce in the Middle East.<br /> (© 2026 The Author(s). JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of ACCP Foundation, Ltd.) – Name: Ref Label: References Group: RefInfo Data: T. N. Owaidhah, Y. M. Alahmadi, M. H. Almoutairi, et al., “The Expanding Clinical Role of Pharmacists in Modern Healthcare: A Comprehensive Review of Patient‐Centered Interventions,” Vascular and Endovascular Review 8, no. 11s (2025): 240–247.<br />O. M. Akachukwu, G. O. Eigbokhan, and T. N. Nelly, “Pharmacists in Global Primary Healthcare Systems: A Comprehensive Model for Community Health Empowerment,” International Journal of Frontiers in Medicine and Surgery Research 6, no. 02 (2024): 019–028.<br />B. E. Lawson and J. M. Guiu‐Segura, “Evaluating Board Certification Within International Advance Pharmacy Practice Frameworks,” Farmacia Hospitalaria 46, no. 3 (2022): 191–198.<br />D. Gourley, W. Fitzgerald, Jr., and R. Davis, “Competency, Board Certification, Credentialing, and Specialization: Who Benefits?,” American Journal of Managed Care 3, no. 5 (1997): 795–801.<br />S. G. Johnson, “Role of Board Certification in Advancing Pharmacy Practice,” Pharmacy Practice 17, no. 4 (2019): 1767.<br />T. L. Schwinghammer, J. M. Razovzhanov, and M. B. Bottorff, “The Value of Board Certification for Pharmacists,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 34, no. 9 (2014): 981–990.<br />M. P. Dorsch, J. M. Lose, and R. J. DiDomenico, “The Effect of Cardiovascular Credentialed Pharmacists on Process Measures and Outcomes in Myocardial Infarction and Heart Failure,” Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 34, no. 8 (2014): 803–808.<br />T. Manapattanasatien, N. Phanthumetamat, C. Kanaderm, et al., “Establishment of Post‐Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Post‐PCI) Clinic in Thailand,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 7, no. 12 (2024): 1179–1187.<br />F.,. J. Hlubocky and M.,. J. Fisch, “Pharmacists in Oncology Care: The Expanding Role and Impact of Board‐Certified Oncology Pharmacists,” Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 22, no. 4 (2016): 615–620.<br />M. T. Bessesen, A. Ma, D. Clegg, et al., “Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs: Comparison of a Program With Infectious Diseases Pharmacist Support to a Program With a Geographic Pharmacist Staffing Model,” Hospital Pharmacy 50, no. 6 (2015): 477–483, https://doi.org/10.1310/hpj5006‐477.<br />K. S. Smetana, E. Liang, W. Adams, et al., “Pharmacist Avoidance or Reductions in Medical Costs Considering Board of Pharmacy Specialties Certification (PHARM‐BPS),” Hospital Pharmacy 60, no. 4 (2025): 362–369.<br />M. Stepanovic, A. C. Moss, K. A. Morbitzer, and S. F. Eckel, “Evaluation of the Value of Board‐Certified Pharmacists in United States Hospitals and the Associated Impact on Clinical and Operational Measures: A Cross‐Sectional Pilot Study,” Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 8, no. 7 (2025): 539–547.<br />R. J. DiDomenico, S. E. Smith, A. Chan, et al., “A Roadmap for Studying the Impact of Pharmacist Board Certification on Patient Outcomes: Feasibility, Applicability, and Methodological Considerations,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 9, no. 2 (2026): e70165.<br />k. wood, B. Mehta, M. Pruchnicki, K. Porter, and J. Rodis, “Evaluation of Student Pharmacists' Awareness, Perceptions, and Interest in Pursuing Board Certification,” Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning 7 (2015): 54–61, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2014.09.015.<br />V. Zbyrak, R. M. Radwan, T. M. Salgado, D. L. Dixon, E. M. Sisson, and L. G. Pamulapati, “Job Satisfaction Among Board‐Certified Pharmacists in Virginia,” Journal of the American Pharmacists Association (2003)J Am Pharm Assoc (2003) 64, no. 1 (2024): 126–132, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japh.2023.09.010.<br />M. Roberts, M. Manis, J. Sebaaly, and E. Tran, “Postgraduate Year Two Pharmacy Residents' Perceptions of Pursuing Board Certification During Residency Training,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 1 (2020): 246–251, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1179.<br />K. A. Toussaint, K. Watson, J. C. Marrs, D. A. Sturpe, S. L. Anderson, and S. T. Haines, “Prevalence of and Factors That Influence Board Certification Among Pharmacy Practice Faculty at United States Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy,” Pharmacotherapy 33, no. 1 (2013): 105–111, https://doi.org/10.1002/phar.1171.<br />V. Fedkiv, J. Delic, J. M. Hollands, S. Pasciolla, L. Pontiggia, and A. L. Bingham, “Prevalence and Value of Board Certification Among Pharmacy Practice Faculty in the United States,” American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education 88, no. 1 (2024): 100623.<br />H. A. Badreldin, S. Alosaimy, and A. Al‐jedai, “Clinical Pharmacy Practice in Saudi Arabia: Historical Evolution and Future Perspective,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 3, no. 5 (2020): 920–929.<br />A. R. Artino, Jr., J. S. La Rochelle, K. J. Dezee, and H. Gehlbach, “Developing Questionnaires for Educational Research: AMEE Guide No. 87,” Medical Teacher 36, no. 6 (2014): 463–474.<br />G. O. Boateng, T. B. Neilands, E. A. Frongillo, H. R. Melgar‐Quiñonez, and S. L. Young, “Best Practices for Developing and Validating Scales for Health, Social, and Behavioral Research: A Primer,” Frontiers in Public Health 6 (2018): 149.<br />S. Folland, A. C. Goodman, M. Stano, and S. Danagoulian, The Economics of Health and Health Care (Routledge, 2024).<br />M. Penman, J. Tai, G. Evans, J. 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Haines, “Aligning the Oversight of Pharmacy Education, Training, and Board Certification: A Modest Proposal,” JACCP: Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy 6, no. 1 (2023): 4–5, https://doi.org/10.1002/jac5.1697. – Name: GrantInfo Label: Grant Information Group: Grant Data: FND000472/JS/RvK International Pharmaceutical Federation-Board of Pharmacy Specialties – Name: SubjectMinor Label: Contributed Indexing Group: Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Middle East; barriers; board certification; motivation; pharmacist – Name: DateEntry Label: Entry Date(s) Group: Date Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260722 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260722 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260722 – Name: DateUpdate Label: Update Code Group: Date Data: 20260723 – Name: DOI Label: DOI Group: ID Data: 10.1002/jac5.70256 – Name: AN Label: PMID Group: ID Data: 42486532 |
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