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Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic risk factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities: a cross-sectional occupational study.

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Τίτλος: Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic risk factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities: a cross-sectional occupational study.
Συγγραφείς: Sezali MFF; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.; Medical Record Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 15586, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia., Shafei MN; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia., Rahim AIA; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.; Digital Health Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Πηγή: Journal of occupational health [J Occup Health] 2026 Jan 06; Vol. 68 (1).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: Australia NLM ID: 9616320 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1348-9585 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13419145 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Occup Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2024- : [Oxford] : Oxford University Press
Original Publication: Tokyo : Japan Society for Occupational Health, [1996-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Occupational Diseases*/epidemiology , Occupational Diseases*/etiology , Asthenopia*/epidemiology , Asthenopia*/etiology , Administrative Personnel*/statistics & numerical data , Ergonomics*, Malaysia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Adult ; Male ; Working Conditions ; Prevalence ; Middle Aged ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Computers ; Young Adult ; Computer Terminals
Περίληψη: Objectives: Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is increasingly recognized as an occupational health issue in workplaces with heavy digital use. Although there is ample evidence among IT professionals and students, data on administrative staff in public health care is scarce. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS and identify related factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities on Malaysia's east coast.
Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 370 administrative workers from 6 government health care institutions was carried out using multistage random sampling. Data collection included a validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire and ergonomic assessments. Multiple logistic regression and mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of CVS.
Results: The prevalence among participants was 59.7%. Key independent predictors included being female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.21-3.46), poor horizontal eye level positioning (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.40-3.70), and wearing corrective glasses (aOR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.13-2.99).
Conclusions: CVS was common among administrative workers in public health care facilities in the east coast state of Malaysia. Modifiable ergonomic factors, especially incorrect screen positioning, greatly raised the risk. These results emphasize the importance of workplace ergonomic interventions and regular visual health checks to reduce digital eye strain and enhance occupational health in settings with extensive computer use.
(© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japan Society for Occupational Health.)
References: BMC Res Notes. 2016 Mar 09;9:150. (PMID: 26956624)
J Optom. 2024 Jan-Mar;17(1):100482. (PMID: 37866176)
Ann Occup Environ Med. 2023 Jan 09;35:e1. (PMID: 36819846)
Clin Optom (Auckl). 2020 Dec 03;12:213-222. (PMID: 33299373)
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020 Jan;93(1):29-42. (PMID: 31286223)
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(20):25187-25195. (PMID: 33454863)
Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul;12(24):245-251. (PMID: 33978619)
Occup Ther Int. 2020 Apr 14;2020:2561703. (PMID: 32372891)
J Environ Public Health. 2020 Apr 27;2020:7516357. (PMID: 32405305)
Future Sci OA. 2025 Dec;11(1):2476923. (PMID: 40055942)
J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;68(6):662-73. (PMID: 25744132)
Cureus. 2025 Jun 14;17(6):e85991. (PMID: 40666591)
Malays Fam Physician. 2008 Dec 31;3(3):128-30. (PMID: 25606136)
Environ Health Insights. 2022 Jul 12;16:11786302221111865. (PMID: 35846168)
ScientificWorldJournal. 2021 Oct 05;2021:3384332. (PMID: 34650344)
Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):539-574. (PMID: 28736342)
Clin Exp Optom. 2019 Sep;102(5):513-520. (PMID: 30805993)
J West Afr Coll Surg. 2022 Jul-Sep;12(3):71-78. (PMID: 36388743)
Int Ophthalmol. 2023 Sep;43(9):3237-3245. (PMID: 37103757)
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Oct 14;26(20):. (PMID: 41155290)
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011 Sep;31(5):502-15. (PMID: 21480937)
BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018 Apr 16;3(1):e000146. (PMID: 29963645)
J Adv Nurs. 2022 Jul;78(7):2095-2110. (PMID: 35112736)
Grant Information: R501-LR-RND002-0000001224-0000 Universiti Sains Malaysia
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: computer vision syndrome; digital eye strain; occupational ergonomics; office workers; workplace health
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260720 Date Completed: 20260818 Latest Revision: 20260820
Update Code: 20260820
PubMed Central ID: PMC13481142
DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiag040
PMID: 42476518
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Computer vision syndrome and ergonomic risk factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities: a cross-sectional occupational study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sezali+MFF%22">Sezali MFF</searchLink>; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.; Medical Record Department, Hospital Raja Perempuan Zainab II, 15586, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Shafei+MN%22">Shafei MN</searchLink>; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rahim+AIA%22">Rahim AIA</searchLink>; Department of Community Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.; Digital Health Unit, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Oxford+University+Press%22">Oxford University Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Australia <i>NLM ID: </i>9616320 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1348-9585 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2213419145%22">13419145 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>J Occup Health <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Occupational+Diseases%22">Occupational Diseases*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Occupational+Diseases+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Occupational+Diseases%22">Occupational Diseases*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Occupational+Diseases+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Asthenopia%22">Asthenopia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Asthenopia+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Asthenopia%22">Asthenopia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Asthenopia+etiology%22">etiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Administrative+Personnel%22">Administrative Personnel*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Administrative+Personnel+statistics+%26+numerical+data%22">statistics & numerical data</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Ergonomics%22">Ergonomics*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Malaysia%22">Malaysia</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Malaysia+epidemiology%22">epidemiology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cross-Sectional+Studies%22">Cross-Sectional Studies</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Risk+Factors%22">Risk Factors</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adult%22">Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Working+Conditions%22">Working Conditions</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Prevalence%22">Prevalence</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Middle+Aged%22">Middle Aged</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Surveys+and+Questionnaires%22">Surveys and Questionnaires</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Computers%22">Computers</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Young+Adult%22">Young Adult</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Computer+Terminals%22">Computer Terminals</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Objectives: Computer vision syndrome (CVS) is increasingly recognized as an occupational health issue in workplaces with heavy digital use. Although there is ample evidence among IT professionals and students, data on administrative staff in public health care is scarce. This research aimed to determine the prevalence of CVS and identify related factors among administrative workers in public health care facilities on Malaysia's east coast.<br />Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 370 administrative workers from 6 government health care institutions was carried out using multistage random sampling. Data collection included a validated Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire and ergonomic assessments. Multiple logistic regression and mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were used to determine independent predictors of CVS.<br />Results: The prevalence among participants was 59.7%. Key independent predictors included being female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.05; 95% CI, 1.21-3.46), poor horizontal eye level positioning (aOR = 2.27; 95% CI, 1.40-3.70), and wearing corrective glasses (aOR = 1.84; 95% CI, 1.13-2.99).<br />Conclusions: CVS was common among administrative workers in public health care facilities in the east coast state of Malaysia. Modifiable ergonomic factors, especially incorrect screen positioning, greatly raised the risk. These results emphasize the importance of workplace ergonomic interventions and regular visual health checks to reduce digital eye strain and enhance occupational health in settings with extensive computer use.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Japan Society for Occupational Health.)
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  Data: BMC Res Notes. 2016 Mar 09;9:150. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226956624%22">26956624)</searchLink><br />J Optom. 2024 Jan-Mar;17(1):100482. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237866176%22">37866176)</searchLink><br />Ann Occup Environ Med. 2023 Jan 09;35:e1. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236819846%22">36819846)</searchLink><br />Clin Optom (Auckl). 2020 Dec 03;12:213-222. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233299373%22">33299373)</searchLink><br />Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2020 Jan;93(1):29-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231286223%22">31286223)</searchLink><br />Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 May;28(20):25187-25195. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233454863%22">33454863)</searchLink><br />Nepal J Ophthalmol. 2020 Jul;12(24):245-251. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233978619%22">33978619)</searchLink><br />Occup Ther Int. 2020 Apr 14;2020:2561703. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232372891%22">32372891)</searchLink><br />J Environ Public Health. 2020 Apr 27;2020:7516357. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232405305%22">32405305)</searchLink><br />Future Sci OA. 2025 Dec;11(1):2476923. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240055942%22">40055942)</searchLink><br />J Clin Epidemiol. 2015 Jun;68(6):662-73. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225744132%22">25744132)</searchLink><br />Cureus. 2025 Jun 14;17(6):e85991. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240666591%22">40666591)</searchLink><br />Malays Fam Physician. 2008 Dec 31;3(3):128-30. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225606136%22">25606136)</searchLink><br />Environ Health Insights. 2022 Jul 12;16:11786302221111865. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235846168%22">35846168)</searchLink><br />ScientificWorldJournal. 2021 Oct 05;2021:3384332. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234650344%22">34650344)</searchLink><br />Ocul Surf. 2017 Jul;15(3):539-574. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228736342%22">28736342)</searchLink><br />Clin Exp Optom. 2019 Sep;102(5):513-520. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230805993%22">30805993)</searchLink><br />J West Afr Coll Surg. 2022 Jul-Sep;12(3):71-78. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236388743%22">36388743)</searchLink><br />Int Ophthalmol. 2023 Sep;43(9):3237-3245. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237103757%22">37103757)</searchLink><br />Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Oct 14;26(20):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241155290%22">41155290)</searchLink><br />Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2011 Sep;31(5):502-15. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221480937%22">21480937)</searchLink><br />BMJ Open Ophthalmol. 2018 Apr 16;3(1):e000146. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229963645%22">29963645)</searchLink><br />J Adv Nurs. 2022 Jul;78(7):2095-2110. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235112736%22">35112736)</searchLink>
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