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Speech versus noise in pediatric sound localization.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Speech versus noise in pediatric sound localization.
Συγγραφείς: Zangerl E; University Hospital for Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Muigg F; University Hospital for Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Seebacher J; Medical University of Innsbruck: Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Graf S; Medical University of Innsbruck: Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.; University Hospital for Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria., Morsnowski A; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospitals of the City of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Proselis GmbH, Prosper-Hospital, Recklinghausen, Germany., Schmidt K; Institut für Hörtechnik und Audiologie, Jade Hochschule, Oldenburg, Germany., Zelger P; Medical University of Innsbruck: Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. philipp.zelger@i-med.ac.at.
Πηγή: European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery [Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 283 (9), pp. 6037-6045. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 19.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Comparative Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9002937 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1434-4726 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09374477 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Heidelberg : Springer International, c1990-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Sound Localization*/physiology , Speech Perception*/physiology , Noise* , Hearing Aids*, Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Adolescent
Περίληψη: Background: Accurate sound localization is essential for children's communication, safety, and learning. While noise stimuli are commonly used in directional hearing tests in clinical settings, speech stimuli may offer more child-friendly assessments.
Objectives: This study aimed to compare sound localization performance using noise and word stimuli across several groups of children with different types of hearing.
Methods: A total of 108 children participated in the study: 31 normal-hearing children aged 6-10 (Ref6-10), 32 children aged 6-10 with hearing aids (HA6-10), and 45 children aged 11-17 with hearing aids (HA11-17). Participants completed a sound localization task using five speakers placed at horizontal angles (± 90°, ± 45°, 0°). They localized broadband noise bursts or one of four German words, presented randomly at different sound levels. Localization accuracy was measured using root mean square error (RMSE). Linear mixed-effects models analysis was conducted with Stimulus and Angle as within-subject factors and Group as a between-subject factor.
Results: No significant differences have been found in the comparison between stimuli regarding the RMSE between the groups. A weakly significant difference between stimulus types was found only in the HA6-10 group at 0°, where noise stimuli were localized more accurately than words (p = 0.03).  CONCLUSIONS: Both noise and word stimuli are suitable for assessing directional hearing in children. However, noise stimuli are more economical, as they require fewer presentations. In contrast, word stimuli are more time and resource-demanding due to the need for multiple presentations of each word to obtain statistically reliable results.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
References: J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Jan;119(1):515-26. (PMID: 16454305)
J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Sep;112(3 Pt 1):1046-57. (PMID: 12243153)
PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4811. (PMID: 19277207)
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Jun;79(6):844-851. (PMID: 25841637)
Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Jun 15;40(9):2699-2710. (PMID: 30779260)
J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2015 Feb;16(1):1-28. (PMID: 25479823)
J Am Acad Audiol. 2010 Sep;21(8):522-34. (PMID: 21034699)
Trends Hear. 2022 Jan-Dec;26:23312165221088398. (PMID: 35505627)
Ear Hear. 2019 Jul/Aug;40(4):870-877. (PMID: 30299343)
Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 May;130(5):648-55. (PMID: 15148192)
Trends Hear. 2014 Dec 09;18:. (PMID: 25492094)
Ear Hear. 2009 Apr;30(2):178-90. (PMID: 19194296)
Brain. 2009 Jul;132(Pt 7):1953-66. (PMID: 19477962)
Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 24;21(21):. (PMID: 34770351)
Am J Audiol. 2022 Sep;31(3):819-834. (PMID: 35917460)
Brain Cogn. 2011 Jul;76(2):316-22. (PMID: 21530051)
J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Oct;128(4):1979-91. (PMID: 20968369)
Audiol Neurootol. 2013;18(1):48-62. (PMID: 23095333)
Ear Hear. 2010 Oct;31(5):645-56. (PMID: 20592615)
Am J Audiol. 2024 Jun 4;33(2):442-454. (PMID: 38557158)
J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Jul;128(1):320-31. (PMID: 20649227)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Audiology; Directional hearing; Pediatric audiology
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260719 Date Completed: 20260925 Latest Revision: 20260928
Update Code: 20260928
PubMed Central ID: PMC13615084
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-026-10415-5
PMID: 42472921
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s00405-026-10415-5
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  Data: Speech versus noise in pediatric sound localization.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zangerl+E%22">Zangerl E</searchLink>; University Hospital for Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Muigg+F%22">Muigg F</searchLink>; University Hospital for Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Seebacher+J%22">Seebacher J</searchLink>; Medical University of Innsbruck: Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Graf+S%22">Graf S</searchLink>; Medical University of Innsbruck: Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.; University Hospital for Hearing, Speech & Voice Disorders, Tirol Kliniken Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Morsnowski+A%22">Morsnowski A</searchLink>; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Hospitals of the City of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Proselis GmbH, Prosper-Hospital, Recklinghausen, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schmidt+K%22">Schmidt K</searchLink>; Institut für Hörtechnik und Audiologie, Jade Hochschule, Oldenburg, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zelger+P%22">Zelger P</searchLink>; Medical University of Innsbruck: Medizinische Universitat Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria. philipp.zelger@i-med.ac.at.
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  Data: Journal Article; Comparative Study
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Springer+International%22">Springer International </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>Germany <i>NLM ID: </i>9002937 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1434-4726 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209374477%22">09374477 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sound+Localization%22">Sound Localization*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Sound+Localization+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Speech+Perception%22">Speech Perception*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Speech+Perception+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Noise%22">Noise*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Hearing+Aids%22">Hearing Aids*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Acoustic+Stimulation%22">Acoustic Stimulation</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Acoustic+Stimulation+methods%22">methods</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Humans%22">Humans</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Child%22">Child</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Male%22">Male</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adolescent%22">Adolescent</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Accurate sound localization is essential for children's communication, safety, and learning. While noise stimuli are commonly used in directional hearing tests in clinical settings, speech stimuli may offer more child-friendly assessments.<br />Objectives: This study aimed to compare sound localization performance using noise and word stimuli across several groups of children with different types of hearing.<br />Methods: A total of 108 children participated in the study: 31 normal-hearing children aged 6-10 (Ref<subscript>6-10</subscript>), 32 children aged 6-10 with hearing aids (HA<subscript>6-10</subscript>), and 45 children aged 11-17 with hearing aids (HA<subscript>11-17</subscript>). Participants completed a sound localization task using five speakers placed at horizontal angles (± 90°, ± 45°, 0°). They localized broadband noise bursts or one of four German words, presented randomly at different sound levels. Localization accuracy was measured using root mean square error (RMSE). Linear mixed-effects models analysis was conducted with Stimulus and Angle as within-subject factors and Group as a between-subject factor.<br />Results: No significant differences have been found in the comparison between stimuli regarding the RMSE between the groups. A weakly significant difference between stimulus types was found only in the HA<subscript>6-10</subscript> group at 0°, where noise stimuli were localized more accurately than words (p = 0.03).  CONCLUSIONS: Both noise and word stimuli are suitable for assessing directional hearing in children. However, noise stimuli are more economical, as they require fewer presentations. In contrast, word stimuli are more time and resource-demanding due to the need for multiple presentations of each word to obtain statistically reliable results.<br /> (© 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: J Acoust Soc Am. 2006 Jan;119(1):515-26. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216454305%22">16454305)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2002 Sep;112(3 Pt 1):1046-57. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212243153%22">12243153)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2009;4(3):e4811. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219277207%22">19277207)</searchLink><br />Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015 Jun;79(6):844-851. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225841637%22">25841637)</searchLink><br />Hum Brain Mapp. 2019 Jun 15;40(9):2699-2710. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230779260%22">30779260)</searchLink><br />J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2015 Feb;16(1):1-28. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225479823%22">25479823)</searchLink><br />J Am Acad Audiol. 2010 Sep;21(8):522-34. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221034699%22">21034699)</searchLink><br />Trends Hear. 2022 Jan-Dec;26:23312165221088398. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235505627%22">35505627)</searchLink><br />Ear Hear. 2019 Jul/Aug;40(4):870-877. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230299343%22">30299343)</searchLink><br />Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004 May;130(5):648-55. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215148192%22">15148192)</searchLink><br />Trends Hear. 2014 Dec 09;18:. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225492094%22">25492094)</searchLink><br />Ear Hear. 2009 Apr;30(2):178-90. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219194296%22">19194296)</searchLink><br />Brain. 2009 Jul;132(Pt 7):1953-66. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219477962%22">19477962)</searchLink><br />Sensors (Basel). 2021 Oct 24;21(21):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234770351%22">34770351)</searchLink><br />Am J Audiol. 2022 Sep;31(3):819-834. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235917460%22">35917460)</searchLink><br />Brain Cogn. 2011 Jul;76(2):316-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221530051%22">21530051)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Oct;128(4):1979-91. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220968369%22">20968369)</searchLink><br />Audiol Neurootol. 2013;18(1):48-62. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223095333%22">23095333)</searchLink><br />Ear Hear. 2010 Oct;31(5):645-56. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220592615%22">20592615)</searchLink><br />Am J Audiol. 2024 Jun 4;33(2):442-454. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238557158%22">38557158)</searchLink><br />J Acoust Soc Am. 2010 Jul;128(1):320-31. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220649227%22">20649227)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Audiology; Directional hearing; Pediatric audiology
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        Value: 10.1007/s00405-026-10415-5
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 6037
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      – SubjectFull: Acoustic Stimulation methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Child
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adolescent
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sound Localization physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Speech Perception physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Noise
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      – SubjectFull: Hearing Aids
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      – TitleFull: Speech versus noise in pediatric sound localization.
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              Text: 2026 Sep
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