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A comparison of task-based and job-based estimation of physical behavior compositions in grocery store workers.

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Τίτλος: A comparison of task-based and job-based estimation of physical behavior compositions in grocery store workers.
Συγγραφείς: Mathiassen SE; Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle 801 76, Sweden., Rudolfsson T; Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle 801 76, Sweden., Vidlund E; Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle 801 76, Sweden.
Πηγή: Annals of work exposures and health [Ann Work Expo Health] 2026 Jul 17; Vol. 70 (6).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Comparative Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101698454 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2398-7316 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 23987308 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ann Work Expo Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [Oxford] : Oxford University Press, [2017]-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Task Performance and Analysis* , Occupational Exposure* , Food Markets*, Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Accelerometry ; Sweden ; Working Conditions ; Middle Aged
Περίληψη: Background: Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are widely used in occupational epidemiology to estimate biomechanical exposures in a trade. However, JEMs are insensitive to variability among workers within the same job, potentially leading to less accurate exposures and increased uncertainty of exposure-outcome associations. Task-based exposure assessment, in which individual exposures are derived from task-specific exposures weighted by the time spent on each task, has been suggested to improve accuracy.
Objective: To examine and compare the accuracy of task-based and job-based assessment of physical behaviors-sitting, standing, and moving-in grocery retail.
Methods: The study was conducted in 2 Swedish medium-sized grocery stores. Accelerometry was used to measure "true" physical behaviors continuously over 3 full working days for all participating employees (n = 36; 16 women, 20 men). Job-based exposure estimates were derived by averaging sitting, standing, and moving across all workers, representing a JEM. Nine discrete tasks were defined in collaboration with employees and owners in the stores. For 35 of the workers, task timelines were videotaped for 4 h and linked to accelerometry to construct a gender-neutral (unisex) task exposure matrix (TEM). All 36 participants completed diaries for the 3 d, reporting time spent on each task, and task-based estimates of "true" exposures through the 3 d were calculated for each worker as the weighted average of task exposures based on the diary-reported task distribution. Physical behaviors were analyzed using procedures from compositional data analysis (CoDA), including describing and comparing the performance of job-based and task-based approaches using Aitchison distances to the measured, "true" exposures.
Results: The prerequisites for successful task-based assessment were satisfied, including physical behavior contrasts between tasks and heterogeneity in task composition between workers. task-based estimates were on average closer to "true" exposures than job-based estimates, but the magnitude of improvement was modest (23%) and varied between women (35%) and men (12%). Thirty-three percent of the 36 "true" job exposures were better predicted by the job-based approach, and substantial variability in exposure persisted even within tasks.
Conclusion: Task-based assessment offered only modest improvement in accuracy over job-based estimates and the cost-efficiency of the task-based approach compared to the less costly job-based strategy can be questioned. Task-based assessment may therefore be most useful when task information is needed for documentation or interventions, rather than solely for improving exposure estimation.
(© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.)
Competing Interests: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest
References: BMJ Open. 2022 Dec 5;12(12):e064035. (PMID: 36576183)
J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Mar;40(3):250-60. (PMID: 9531096)
PLoS One. 2014 Nov 03;9(11):e110899. (PMID: 25365301)
Appl Ergon. 2016 Mar;53 Pt A:143-51. (PMID: 26464034)
Ergonomics. 2015;58(6):953-65. (PMID: 25588819)
Ann Work Expo Health. 2020 Oct 8;64(8):778-785. (PMID: 32607544)
PLoS One. 2023 Oct 3;18(10):e0292261. (PMID: 37788296)
AIHA J (Fairfax, Va). 2003 Mar-Apr;64(2):196-211. (PMID: 12688844)
Appl Ergon. 2025 May;125:104440. (PMID: 39652982)
Ergonomics. 2017 Aug;60(8):1042-1054. (PMID: 27854562)
Ergonomics. 2005 Jan;48(1):12-24. (PMID: 15764303)
Appl Ergon. 2019 May;77:29-39. (PMID: 30832776)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2024 Jan 1;50(1):11-21. (PMID: 37930317)
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Nov;88(8):1031-42. (PMID: 25677207)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014 May 1;40(3):252-65. (PMID: 24469242)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2025 Mar 01;51(2):119-129. (PMID: 39680844)
Occup Environ Med. 2019 Jun;76(6):398-406. (PMID: 30705110)
Occup Environ Med. 2021 Jul 14;78(8):558-566. (PMID: 33455921)
Ergonomics. 2012;55(3):350-60. (PMID: 22409172)
Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Jul;58(7):489-97. (PMID: 9208464)
BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 1;20(1):826. (PMID: 32487107)
J Phys Act Health. 2014 Jan;11(1):76-84. (PMID: 23249722)
Ergonomics. 2017 Aug;60(8):1033-1041. (PMID: 27734756)
Occup Environ Med. 2005 Jan;62(1):18-27. (PMID: 15613604)
Am J Ind Med. 2019 Nov;62(11):917-926. (PMID: 31436850)
Occup Environ Med. 2016 Aug;73(8):553-60. (PMID: 27302976)
Appl Ergon. 2021 Apr;92:103345. (PMID: 33444883)
Occup Environ Med. 2015 Jan;72(1):33-41. (PMID: 25324489)
Appl Ergon. 2019 Feb;75:74-82. (PMID: 30509539)
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016 Nov 4;13(1):115. (PMID: 27814738)
Ann Work Expo Health. 2018 Apr 18;62(4):393-403. (PMID: 29471427)
IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors. 2026 Jul-Sep;14(3):189-214. (PMID: 41382378)
Ann Work Expo Health. 2019 May 21;63(5):583-591. (PMID: 31008506)
Appl Ergon. 2020 Apr;84:103027. (PMID: 31987512)
Appl Ergon. 2013 Jul;44(4):609-17. (PMID: 23333111)
Am J Ind Med. 2002 Jan;41(1):11-8. (PMID: 11757051)
Ann Occup Hyg. 2016 Oct;60(8):977-90. (PMID: 27417186)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 26;17(7):. (PMID: 32224966)
Ann Occup Hyg. 2000 Sep;44(6):475-82. (PMID: 10963712)
Ann Occup Hyg. 2010 Jul;54(5):584-94. (PMID: 20385661)
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Sep;48(9):1787-97. (PMID: 27526175)
JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Jun 6;11(6):e35697. (PMID: 35666571)
Occup Environ Med. 1999 Apr;56(4):256-64. (PMID: 10450243)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020 Jan 1;46(1):32-42. (PMID: 31012945)
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000 Oct;83(2-3):215-22. (PMID: 11104063)
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Oct 6;17(1):126. (PMID: 33023619)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020 May 1;46(3):231-234. (PMID: 32356897)
PLoS One. 2015 Oct 13;10(10):e0139984. (PMID: 26461112)
Ergonomics. 2012;55(2):160-72. (PMID: 21846288)
Eur J Appl Physiol. 2026 Feb;126(2):897-925. (PMID: 40926145)
J Occup Environ Hyg. 2010 May;7(5):307-14. (PMID: 20349389)
Ann Work Expo Health. 2017 Dec 15;62(1):1-16. (PMID: 29228093)
IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors. 2026 Jul-Sep;14(3):255-266. (PMID: 40329631)
Appl Ergon. 2013 May;44(3):360-5. (PMID: 23069188)
BMJ Open. 2020 Jan 13;10(1):e032409. (PMID: 31937651)
Stat Methods Med Res. 2018 Dec;27(12):3726-3738. (PMID: 28555522)
Appl Ergon. 2021 Apr;92:103340. (PMID: 33340719)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005 Apr;31(2):138-51. (PMID: 15864908)
Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019 May 1;45(3):239-247. (PMID: 30614504)
Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Feb;88(2):153-65. (PMID: 24859645)
Grant Information: 2015/033753 Swedish Work Environment Authority
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Aitchison distance; compositional data analysis; occupational epidemiology; physical behaviors; task-based exposure assessment
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260717 Date Completed: 20260717 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13378765
DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxag056
PMID: 42467836
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: A comparison of task-based and job-based estimation of physical behavior compositions in grocery store workers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mathiassen+SE%22">Mathiassen SE</searchLink>; Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle 801 76, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Rudolfsson+T%22">Rudolfsson T</searchLink>; Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle 801 76, Sweden.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vidlund+E%22">Vidlund E</searchLink>; Department of Occupational Health, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Gävle, Kungsbäcksvägen 47, Gävle 801 76, Sweden.
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– Name: Abstract
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  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Job exposure matrices (JEMs) are widely used in occupational epidemiology to estimate biomechanical exposures in a trade. However, JEMs are insensitive to variability among workers within the same job, potentially leading to less accurate exposures and increased uncertainty of exposure-outcome associations. Task-based exposure assessment, in which individual exposures are derived from task-specific exposures weighted by the time spent on each task, has been suggested to improve accuracy.<br />Objective: To examine and compare the accuracy of task-based and job-based assessment of physical behaviors-sitting, standing, and moving-in grocery retail.<br />Methods: The study was conducted in 2 Swedish medium-sized grocery stores. Accelerometry was used to measure "true" physical behaviors continuously over 3 full working days for all participating employees (n = 36; 16 women, 20 men). Job-based exposure estimates were derived by averaging sitting, standing, and moving across all workers, representing a JEM. Nine discrete tasks were defined in collaboration with employees and owners in the stores. For 35 of the workers, task timelines were videotaped for 4 h and linked to accelerometry to construct a gender-neutral (unisex) task exposure matrix (TEM). All 36 participants completed diaries for the 3 d, reporting time spent on each task, and task-based estimates of "true" exposures through the 3 d were calculated for each worker as the weighted average of task exposures based on the diary-reported task distribution. Physical behaviors were analyzed using procedures from compositional data analysis (CoDA), including describing and comparing the performance of job-based and task-based approaches using Aitchison distances to the measured, "true" exposures.<br />Results: The prerequisites for successful task-based assessment were satisfied, including physical behavior contrasts between tasks and heterogeneity in task composition between workers. task-based estimates were on average closer to "true" exposures than job-based estimates, but the magnitude of improvement was modest (23%) and varied between women (35%) and men (12%). Thirty-three percent of the 36 "true" job exposures were better predicted by the job-based approach, and substantial variability in exposure persisted even within tasks.<br />Conclusion: Task-based assessment offered only modest improvement in accuracy over job-based estimates and the cost-efficiency of the task-based approach compared to the less costly job-based strategy can be questioned. Task-based assessment may therefore be most useful when task information is needed for documentation or interventions, rather than solely for improving exposure estimation.<br /> (© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
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  Data: Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest
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  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: BMJ Open. 2022 Dec 5;12(12):e064035. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236576183%22">36576183)</searchLink><br />J Occup Environ Med. 1998 Mar;40(3):250-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229531096%22">9531096)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2014 Nov 03;9(11):e110899. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225365301%22">25365301)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2016 Mar;53 Pt A:143-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226464034%22">26464034)</searchLink><br />Ergonomics. 2015;58(6):953-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225588819%22">25588819)</searchLink><br />Ann Work Expo Health. 2020 Oct 8;64(8):778-785. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232607544%22">32607544)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2023 Oct 3;18(10):e0292261. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237788296%22">37788296)</searchLink><br />AIHA J (Fairfax, Va). 2003 Mar-Apr;64(2):196-211. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212688844%22">12688844)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2025 May;125:104440. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239652982%22">39652982)</searchLink><br />Ergonomics. 2017 Aug;60(8):1042-1054. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227854562%22">27854562)</searchLink><br />Ergonomics. 2005 Jan;48(1):12-24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215764303%22">15764303)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2019 May;77:29-39. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230832776%22">30832776)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2024 Jan 1;50(1):11-21. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237930317%22">37930317)</searchLink><br />Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Nov;88(8):1031-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225677207%22">25677207)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2014 May 1;40(3):252-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224469242%22">24469242)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2025 Mar 01;51(2):119-129. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239680844%22">39680844)</searchLink><br />Occup Environ Med. 2019 Jun;76(6):398-406. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230705110%22">30705110)</searchLink><br />Occup Environ Med. 2021 Jul 14;78(8):558-566. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233455921%22">33455921)</searchLink><br />Ergonomics. 2012;55(3):350-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222409172%22">22409172)</searchLink><br />Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1997 Jul;58(7):489-97. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%229208464%22">9208464)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2020 Jun 1;20(1):826. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232487107%22">32487107)</searchLink><br />J Phys Act Health. 2014 Jan;11(1):76-84. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223249722%22">23249722)</searchLink><br />Ergonomics. 2017 Aug;60(8):1033-1041. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227734756%22">27734756)</searchLink><br />Occup Environ Med. 2005 Jan;62(1):18-27. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215613604%22">15613604)</searchLink><br />Am J Ind Med. 2019 Nov;62(11):917-926. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231436850%22">31436850)</searchLink><br />Occup Environ Med. 2016 Aug;73(8):553-60. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227302976%22">27302976)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2021 Apr;92:103345. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233444883%22">33444883)</searchLink><br />Occup Environ Med. 2015 Jan;72(1):33-41. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225324489%22">25324489)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2019 Feb;75:74-82. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230509539%22">30509539)</searchLink><br />Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2016 Nov 4;13(1):115. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227814738%22">27814738)</searchLink><br />Ann Work Expo Health. 2018 Apr 18;62(4):393-403. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229471427%22">29471427)</searchLink><br />IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors. 2026 Jul-Sep;14(3):189-214. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241382378%22">41382378)</searchLink><br />Ann Work Expo Health. 2019 May 21;63(5):583-591. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231008506%22">31008506)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2020 Apr;84:103027. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231987512%22">31987512)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2013 Jul;44(4):609-17. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223333111%22">23333111)</searchLink><br />Am J Ind Med. 2002 Jan;41(1):11-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211757051%22">11757051)</searchLink><br />Ann Occup Hyg. 2016 Oct;60(8):977-90. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227417186%22">27417186)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 26;17(7):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232224966%22">32224966)</searchLink><br />Ann Occup Hyg. 2000 Sep;44(6):475-82. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210963712%22">10963712)</searchLink><br />Ann Occup Hyg. 2010 Jul;54(5):584-94. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220385661%22">20385661)</searchLink><br />Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016 Sep;48(9):1787-97. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227526175%22">27526175)</searchLink><br />JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Jun 6;11(6):e35697. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235666571%22">35666571)</searchLink><br />Occup Environ Med. 1999 Apr;56(4):256-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2210450243%22">10450243)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020 Jan 1;46(1):32-42. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231012945%22">31012945)</searchLink><br />Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000 Oct;83(2-3):215-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211104063%22">11104063)</searchLink><br />Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020 Oct 6;17(1):126. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233023619%22">33023619)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2020 May 1;46(3):231-234. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232356897%22">32356897)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2015 Oct 13;10(10):e0139984. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226461112%22">26461112)</searchLink><br />Ergonomics. 2012;55(2):160-72. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221846288%22">21846288)</searchLink><br />Eur J Appl Physiol. 2026 Feb;126(2):897-925. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240926145%22">40926145)</searchLink><br />J Occup Environ Hyg. 2010 May;7(5):307-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220349389%22">20349389)</searchLink><br />Ann Work Expo Health. 2017 Dec 15;62(1):1-16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229228093%22">29228093)</searchLink><br />IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors. 2026 Jul-Sep;14(3):255-266. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240329631%22">40329631)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2013 May;44(3):360-5. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223069188%22">23069188)</searchLink><br />BMJ Open. 2020 Jan 13;10(1):e032409. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231937651%22">31937651)</searchLink><br />Stat Methods Med Res. 2018 Dec;27(12):3726-3738. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228555522%22">28555522)</searchLink><br />Appl Ergon. 2021 Apr;92:103340. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233340719%22">33340719)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2005 Apr;31(2):138-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215864908%22">15864908)</searchLink><br />Scand J Work Environ Health. 2019 May 1;45(3):239-247. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230614504%22">30614504)</searchLink><br />Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015 Feb;88(2):153-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224859645%22">24859645)</searchLink>
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adult
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Accelerometry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sweden
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Working Conditions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Middle Aged
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Task Performance and Analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Occupational Exposure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food Markets
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: A comparison of task-based and job-based estimation of physical behavior compositions in grocery store workers.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Mathiassen SE
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Rudolfsson T
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Vidlund E
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 17
              M: 07
              Text: 2026 Jul 17
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 2398-7316
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 70
            – Type: issue
              Value: 6
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Annals of work exposures and health
              Type: main
ResultId 1