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Cortico-cortical and subcortico-cortical evoked potentials during general anesthesia.

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Τίτλος: Cortico-cortical and subcortico-cortical evoked potentials during general anesthesia.
Συγγραφείς: Mollica C; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: catemollica@gmail.com., Boëx C; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., Schaller K; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., Bijlenga P; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland., Bobbink-Blondiaux E; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
Πηγή: Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology [Clin Neurophysiol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 190, pp. 2112334. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 15.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 100883319 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-8952 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 13882457 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Clin Neurophysiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier, c1999-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Anesthesia, General*/methods , Evoked Potentials*/physiology , Cerebral Cortex*/physiology , Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring*/methods, Brain Neoplasms/surgery ; Brain Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Humans
Περίληψη: Objective In brain tumor surgery, gross total and supramarginal resections are sought to maximize survival, while maintaining neurological integrity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs), initially introduced for intraoperative mapping of language pathways during awake surgery, have been recently applied to asleep procedures. The present work reports a review on CCEPs and subcortico-cortical evoked potentials (SCEPs) performed in brain surgery under general anesthesia. Methods PRISMA guidelines were applied. All records published up to March 2025, were searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, with detailed search strings. Results Fourteen studies were found to which five were added because they also contained the search strings. Among them, thirteen focused on the language pathway, particularly the arcuate fasciculus, and four on the visual pathway. Seven studies investigated the SCEPs, while fifteen reported CCEPs. All studies applied single electrical pulse stimulation (SPES), 0.3-1 ms in duration, if monophasic, alternating their polarity, repeated at a rate of 0.3-9 pulses per second, usually in bipolar configuration. The recordings were usually done from subdural electrodes. The N1 peak latencies were shown to be dependent on the stimulation and recording sites. In addition, under general anesthesia, the latter N2 peak latencies were not detected. Conclusions The present work highlights the feasibility of CCEPs and SCEPs during general anesthesia, in their different roles: monitoring the integrity of the tracts with CCEPs and detecting their proximity with SCEPs. Significance CCEPs and SCEPs are promising tools for monitoring eloquent cognitive functions that may be at risk during neurosurgery performed under general anesthesia.
(Copyright © 2026 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Asleep surgery; Brain surgery; Evoked potentials; General anesthesia; Intraoperative monitoring; Neuromonitoring
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260715 Date Completed: 20260812 Latest Revision: 20260812
Update Code: 20260813
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2026.2112334
PMID: 42456278
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Cortico-cortical and subcortico-cortical evoked potentials during general anesthesia.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Mollica+C%22">Mollica C</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address: catemollica@gmail.com.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Boëx+C%22">Boëx C</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schaller+K%22">Schaller K</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bijlenga+P%22">Bijlenga P</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bobbink-Blondiaux+E%22">Bobbink-Blondiaux E</searchLink>; Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals of Geneva (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22100883319%22">Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology</searchLink> [Clin Neurophysiol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 190, pp. 2112334. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jul 15.
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  Data: Objective In brain tumor surgery, gross total and supramarginal resections are sought to maximize survival, while maintaining neurological integrity. Cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs), initially introduced for intraoperative mapping of language pathways during awake surgery, have been recently applied to asleep procedures. The present work reports a review on CCEPs and subcortico-cortical evoked potentials (SCEPs) performed in brain surgery under general anesthesia. Methods PRISMA guidelines were applied. All records published up to March 2025, were searched through PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, with detailed search strings. Results Fourteen studies were found to which five were added because they also contained the search strings. Among them, thirteen focused on the language pathway, particularly the arcuate fasciculus, and four on the visual pathway. Seven studies investigated the SCEPs, while fifteen reported CCEPs. All studies applied single electrical pulse stimulation (SPES), 0.3-1 ms in duration, if monophasic, alternating their polarity, repeated at a rate of 0.3-9 pulses per second, usually in bipolar configuration. The recordings were usually done from subdural electrodes. The N1 peak latencies were shown to be dependent on the stimulation and recording sites. In addition, under general anesthesia, the latter N2 peak latencies were not detected. Conclusions The present work highlights the feasibility of CCEPs and SCEPs during general anesthesia, in their different roles: monitoring the integrity of the tracts with CCEPs and detecting their proximity with SCEPs. Significance CCEPs and SCEPs are promising tools for monitoring eloquent cognitive functions that may be at risk during neurosurgery performed under general anesthesia.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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