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Recess as a Setting for Child Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Physical Activity, Motor Skills and Social-Emotional Functioning.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος: Recess as a Setting for Child Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Physical Activity, Motor Skills and Social-Emotional Functioning.
Συγγραφείς: Brocken JEA; LEARN! Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., Meeter M; LEARN! Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands., de Bruijn AGM; LEARN! Research Institute, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Πηγή: The Journal of school health [J Sch Health] 2026 Aug; Vol. 96 (8), pp. e70198.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Wiley Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0376370 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1746-1561 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00224391 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Sch Health Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Nov. 2008- : Hoboken, NJ : Wiley
Original Publication: Columbus, Ohio : American Association of School Physicians
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Motor Skills*/physiology , Play and Playthings*/psychology , Exercise*/psychology , Child Development*, Humans ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Schools ; Netherlands ; Accelerometry
Περίληψη: Background: Recess can be beneficial for enhancing physical activity levels, but evidence on broader developmental outcomes remains mixed.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial (21 Dutch primary schools, N = 1154 children, mean age = 9.0 years) evaluated a one-year recess intervention. Physical activity behavior was measured using accelerometers and observation. Motor skills were assessed with the Athletic Skills Track, and social-emotional functioning through teacher- and self-reports and observations. Implementation fidelity was monitored.
Results: No significant intervention effects were found on physical activity behavior or social-emotional functioning. Motor skills improved for both groups, with greater gains in the control group. Implementation fidelity did not significantly affect results.
Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: Implementing standardized intervention programs may not necessarily produce the intended outcomes, possibly requiring more context-specific strategies. Schools may benefit from practical tools to effectively promote children's physically active play at the playground, considering school- and population-specific characteristics.
Conclusions: This study refines the evidence on recess-based interventions. The larger gains in motor skills observed in the control group suggest that interventions do not necessarily affect practice as intended, highlighting the importance of considering contextual and methodological factors to better understand what works, for whom, and under which conditions.
(© 2026 The Author(s). Journal of School Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American School Health Association.)
References: Am J Prev Med. 2012 Sep;43(3):320-8. (PMID: 22898126)
Sports Med. 2022 Apr;52(4):875-920. (PMID: 34463945)
Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2022 Dec;17(1):2096085. (PMID: 35786205)
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2020 Oct;45:100828. (PMID: 32805531)
J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;48(4):400-403. (PMID: 19242383)
J Sch Health. 2013 Apr;83(4):256-64. (PMID: 23488886)
J Sports Sci. 2016 Nov;34(21):2095-105. (PMID: 26939984)
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2018 Jun 14;16(1):123. (PMID: 29898729)
Am Psychol. 2000 Jan;55(1):68-78. (PMID: 11392867)
Front Psychol. 2017 Aug 22;8:1350. (PMID: 28878701)
Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Sep;38 Suppl 2:S135-43. (PMID: 25376215)
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009 Jul 29;6:48. (PMID: 19638243)
J Atten Disord. 2012 Jan;16(1):71-80. (PMID: 20837978)
BMC Public Health. 2014 Feb 01;14:103. (PMID: 24484545)
Lancet. 2006 Jul 22;368(9532):299-304. (PMID: 16860699)
J Sports Sci. 2018 Jul;36(14):1607-1613. (PMID: 29173088)
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jun;41(6 Suppl 3):S197-239. (PMID: 27306431)
Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Feb;16(2):409-14. (PMID: 18239652)
Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2012 Feb;17(1):2-13. (PMID: 32847310)
BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 6;25(1):2662. (PMID: 40770619)
J Phys Act Health. 2010 Mar;7(2):167-75. (PMID: 20484755)
Sports Med Open. 2020 Jun 16;6(1):25. (PMID: 32548792)
Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 23;13:799330. (PMID: 35846697)
Sports Med. 2020 Nov;50(11):2001-2049. (PMID: 32970291)
J Sch Health. 2017 Oct;87(10):751-759. (PMID: 28876473)
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007 May 21;4:19. (PMID: 17517136)
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 18;12:631175. (PMID: 34220608)
J Sports Sci. 2013;31(2):188-95. (PMID: 22992067)
J Pediatr (Rio J). 2021 Nov-Dec;97(6):585-594. (PMID: 33773960)
BMC Public Health. 2025 May 21;25(1):1877. (PMID: 40399831)
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 15;19(6):. (PMID: 35329132)
BMC Public Health. 2017 Oct 2;17(1):765. (PMID: 28969669)
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013 Jun;84(2):167-76. (PMID: 23930542)
J Sch Health. 2006 Oct;76(8):397-401. (PMID: 16978162)
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Apr;34(4):e14606. (PMID: 38545956)
J Sch Health. 2011 Sep;81(9):545-51. (PMID: 21831067)
PLoS One. 2014 Feb 03;9(2):e87929. (PMID: 24498404)
Health Educ Behav. 2022 Feb;49(1):87-96. (PMID: 34605699)
Front Public Health. 2019 Mar 19;7:55. (PMID: 30941342)
J Sports Sci. 2008 Dec;26(14):1557-65. (PMID: 18949660)
J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Sep;21(9):975-979. (PMID: 29428503)
BMC Public Health. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):552. (PMID: 28592241)
Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013 Sep;84(3):397-403. (PMID: 24261019)
BMJ. 2015 Sep 04;351:h4672. (PMID: 26341898)
BMC Public Health. 2016 Jan 06;16:16. (PMID: 26733382)
Prev Med. 2005 Nov-Dec;41(5-6):828-33. (PMID: 16137756)
Arch Public Health. 2014 Jun 16;72(1):20. (PMID: 24999387)
BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 26;16:639. (PMID: 27456845)
Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 May;41(5):793-800. (PMID: 28186099)
J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Jan;21(1):58-62. (PMID: 28595871)
BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017 Jul 11;17(1):99. (PMID: 28693500)
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Jan;7:53-64. (PMID: 24309300)
Psychon Bull Rev. 1995 Sep;2(3):387-90. (PMID: 24203720)
BMC Public Health. 2018 Apr 20;18(1):532. (PMID: 29678155)
J Phys Act Health. 2010 Jan;7(1):17-25. (PMID: 20231751)
Br J Sports Med. 2003 Jun;37(3):197-206; discussion 206. (PMID: 12782543)
Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2760716. (PMID: 29387718)
Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 30;2020:8160756. (PMID: 33457415)
Grant Information: 202122 United Kingdom WT_ Wellcome Trust
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: accelerometer; motor skills; physical activity; recess intervention; school playground; school recess; social–emotional functioning
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260712 Date Completed: 20260712 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13356972
DOI: 10.1111/josh.70198
PMID: 42437659
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Recess as a Setting for Child Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Physical Activity, Motor Skills and Social-Emotional Functioning.
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  Data: Background: Recess can be beneficial for enhancing physical activity levels, but evidence on broader developmental outcomes remains mixed.<br />Methods: A randomized controlled trial (21 Dutch primary schools, N = 1154 children, mean age = 9.0 years) evaluated a one-year recess intervention. Physical activity behavior was measured using accelerometers and observation. Motor skills were assessed with the Athletic Skills Track, and social-emotional functioning through teacher- and self-reports and observations. Implementation fidelity was monitored.<br />Results: No significant intervention effects were found on physical activity behavior or social-emotional functioning. Motor skills improved for both groups, with greater gains in the control group. Implementation fidelity did not significantly affect results.<br />Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: Implementing standardized intervention programs may not necessarily produce the intended outcomes, possibly requiring more context-specific strategies. Schools may benefit from practical tools to effectively promote children's physically active play at the playground, considering school- and population-specific characteristics.<br />Conclusions: This study refines the evidence on recess-based interventions. The larger gains in motor skills observed in the control group suggest that interventions do not necessarily affect practice as intended, highlighting the importance of considering contextual and methodological factors to better understand what works, for whom, and under which conditions.<br /> (© 2026 The Author(s). Journal of School Health published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American School Health Association.)
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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229898729%22">29898729)</searchLink><br />Am Psychol. 2000 Jan;55(1):68-78. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211392867%22">11392867)</searchLink><br />Front Psychol. 2017 Aug 22;8:1350. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228878701%22">28878701)</searchLink><br />Int J Obes (Lond). 2014 Sep;38 Suppl 2:S135-43. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225376215%22">25376215)</searchLink><br />Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2009 Jul 29;6:48. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219638243%22">19638243)</searchLink><br />J Atten Disord. 2012 Jan;16(1):71-80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220837978%22">20837978)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2014 Feb 01;14:103. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224484545%22">24484545)</searchLink><br />Lancet. 2006 Jul 22;368(9532):299-304. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216860699%22">16860699)</searchLink><br />J Sports Sci. 2018 Jul;36(14):1607-1613. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229173088%22">29173088)</searchLink><br />Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016 Jun;41(6 Suppl 3):S197-239. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227306431%22">27306431)</searchLink><br />Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008 Feb;16(2):409-14. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218239652%22">18239652)</searchLink><br />Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2012 Feb;17(1):2-13. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232847310%22">32847310)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2025 Aug 6;25(1):2662. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240770619%22">40770619)</searchLink><br />J Phys Act Health. 2010 Mar;7(2):167-75. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220484755%22">20484755)</searchLink><br />Sports Med Open. 2020 Jun 16;6(1):25. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232548792%22">32548792)</searchLink><br />Front Psychol. 2022 Jun 23;13:799330. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235846697%22">35846697)</searchLink><br />Sports Med. 2020 Nov;50(11):2001-2049. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232970291%22">32970291)</searchLink><br />J Sch Health. 2017 Oct;87(10):751-759. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228876473%22">28876473)</searchLink><br />Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2007 May 21;4:19. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217517136%22">17517136)</searchLink><br />Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 18;12:631175. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234220608%22">34220608)</searchLink><br />J Sports Sci. 2013;31(2):188-95. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222992067%22">22992067)</searchLink><br />J Pediatr (Rio J). 2021 Nov-Dec;97(6):585-594. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233773960%22">33773960)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2025 May 21;25(1):1877. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240399831%22">40399831)</searchLink><br />Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Mar 15;19(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235329132%22">35329132)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2017 Oct 2;17(1):765. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228969669%22">28969669)</searchLink><br />Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013 Jun;84(2):167-76. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223930542%22">23930542)</searchLink><br />J Sch Health. 2006 Oct;76(8):397-401. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216978162%22">16978162)</searchLink><br />Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2024 Apr;34(4):e14606. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238545956%22">38545956)</searchLink><br />J Sch Health. 2011 Sep;81(9):545-51. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2221831067%22">21831067)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2014 Feb 03;9(2):e87929. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224498404%22">24498404)</searchLink><br />Health Educ Behav. 2022 Feb;49(1):87-96. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234605699%22">34605699)</searchLink><br />Front Public Health. 2019 Mar 19;7:55. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230941342%22">30941342)</searchLink><br />J Sports Sci. 2008 Dec;26(14):1557-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218949660%22">18949660)</searchLink><br />J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Sep;21(9):975-979. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229428503%22">29428503)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2017 Jun 7;17(1):552. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228592241%22">28592241)</searchLink><br />Res Q Exerc Sport. 2013 Sep;84(3):397-403. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224261019%22">24261019)</searchLink><br />BMJ. 2015 Sep 04;351:h4672. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226341898%22">26341898)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2016 Jan 06;16:16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226733382%22">26733382)</searchLink><br />Prev Med. 2005 Nov-Dec;41(5-6):828-33. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216137756%22">16137756)</searchLink><br />Arch Public Health. 2014 Jun 16;72(1):20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224999387%22">24999387)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2016 Jul 26;16:639. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227456845%22">27456845)</searchLink><br />Int J Obes (Lond). 2017 May;41(5):793-800. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228186099%22">28186099)</searchLink><br />J Sci Med Sport. 2018 Jan;21(1):58-62. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228595871%22">28595871)</searchLink><br />BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017 Jul 11;17(1):99. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228693500%22">28693500)</searchLink><br />Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2014 Jan;7:53-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224309300%22">24309300)</searchLink><br />Psychon Bull Rev. 1995 Sep;2(3):387-90. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224203720%22">24203720)</searchLink><br />BMC Public Health. 2018 Apr 20;18(1):532. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229678155%22">29678155)</searchLink><br />J Phys Act Health. 2010 Jan;7(1):17-25. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220231751%22">20231751)</searchLink><br />Br J Sports Med. 2003 Jun;37(3):197-206; discussion 206. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212782543%22">12782543)</searchLink><br />Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:2760716. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2229387718%22">29387718)</searchLink><br />Biomed Res Int. 2020 Dec 30;2020:8160756. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233457415%22">33457415)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>accelerometer; motor skills; physical activity; recess intervention; school playground; school recess; social–emotional functioning
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      – TitleFull: Recess as a Setting for Child Development: A Randomized Controlled Trial on Physical Activity, Motor Skills and Social-Emotional Functioning.
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          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1746-1561
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 96
            – Type: issue
              Value: 8
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: The Journal of school health
              Type: main
ResultId 1