Academic Journal
COVID-19 home confinement & vitamin D levels alteration.
| Τίτλος: | COVID-19 home confinement & vitamin D levels alteration. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Rahmati AR; Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Kheder RK; Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq., Faraj TA; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Najmaldin SK; Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq., Mollazadeh S; Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran., Fadaee A; Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran., Haghmorad D; Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran., Esmaeili SA; Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. Electronic address: Imunoman2009@gmail.com. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of infection and public health [J Infect Public Health] 2026 Aug; Vol. 19 (8), pp. 103304. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 08. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101487384 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1876-035X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18760341 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Infect Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Oxford : Elsevier, 2008- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | COVID-19*/epidemiology , COVID-19*/blood , COVID-19*/prevention & control , Vitamin D Deficiency*/epidemiology , Vitamin D Deficiency*/blood , Vitamin D*/blood , Cholecalciferol*/blood, Iran/epidemiology ; Humans ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevalence ; Aged |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Home confinement and lifestyle changes resulted in inadequate sunlight exposure and limited vitamin D intake during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to elucidate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vitamin D3 status during home confinement. Methods: This retrospective repeated cross-sectional laboratory-based study enrolled 9,686 individuals from northeastern Iran. Vitamin D3 levels were measured in various phases: pre-COVID-19 in 2019, during the pandemic in 2020, and following the initiation of COVID-19 vaccination in 2021. Results: A predominant portion of the population exhibited insufficient levels of vitamin D in all three time points (P<0.001). The mean concentration of vitamin D3 was higher in females than in males in all periods. A significant upward trend in the mean concentration was found from 35±19 ng/mL in the pre-COVID-19 period to 38±16 ng/mL after the initiation of vaccination, particularly in severe deficiency and insufficiency subgroups (P<0.01). There was a significant gradual downward trend in the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency dropping from 19% in the pre-COVID-19 period to 12% during the pandemic and further down to 9% following the initiation of vaccination (P<0.001). Conclusion: This large population-based study showed that mean serum vitamin D concentrations increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic period, while the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency decreased over time. These findings indicate a temporal change in vitamin D status across different phases of the pandemic. (Copyright © 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: COVID-19; Iran; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D deficiency |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 1406-16-2 (Vitamin D) 1C6V77QF41 (Cholecalciferol) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260711 Date Completed: 20260717 Latest Revision: 20260717 |
| Update Code: | 20260718 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103304 |
| PMID: | 42435713 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1876-035X |
|---|---|
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103304 |