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Atypical auditory cortical processing in ADHD during early and middle childhood.

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Title: Atypical auditory cortical processing in ADHD during early and middle childhood.
Authors: Pranjić M; Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States. Electronic address: marija.pranjic@childrens.harvard.edu., Likitlersuang J; Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiation Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States., Arnett AB; Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
Source: Developmental cognitive neuroscience [Dev Cogn Neurosci] 2026 Aug; Vol. 80, pp. 101780. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 08.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 101541838 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-9307 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 18789293 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Dev Cogn Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier
MeSH Terms: Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/physiopathology , Auditory Perception*/physiology , Evoked Potentials, Auditory*/physiology , Auditory Cortex*/physiopathology, Electroencephalography/methods ; Acoustic Stimulation/methods ; Attention/physiology ; Humans ; Child ; Female ; Male
Abstract: Auditory perception emerges from the dynamic integration of bottom-up sensory encoding with higher-order predictive processes, and disruption of these processes is associated with poor attention and behavior regulation in children. Using an auditory oddball paradigm, we examined event-related potentials reflecting auditory deviance detection (mismatch negativity; MMN) and novelty-related orienting (novelty-P3) in early (n = 115) and middle (n = 71) childhood. Across both age-stratified cohorts, elevated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms or diagnosis were associated with altered MMN responses, whereas evidence for novelty-P3 differences was more limited. In early childhood, elevated ADHD symptoms were associated with larger negative-going MMN amplitudes and altered habituation to repeated standard and novel stimuli. In middle childhood, ADHD was associated with attenuated MMN amplitudes, while novelty-P3 group differences were sensitive to model specification. These results suggest that auditory deviance detection and novelty adaptation may be developmentally informative markers for understanding atypical attention regulation in ADHD-related phenotypes. Together, the findings support a systems-level account in which the integration of ascending sensory input with descending predictive signals supports adaptive responses to changing environments.
(Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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Grant Information: K99 MH116064 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS; R00 MH116064 United States MH NIMH NIH HHS
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: ADHD; Attention regulation; Auditory processing; EEG; ERP; Habituation; Mismatch negativity; Novelty-P3
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260710 Date Completed: 20260811 Latest Revision: 20260821
Update Code: 20260821
PubMed Central ID: PMC13380513
DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101780
PMID: 42430957
Database: MEDLINE
Description
ISSN:1878-9307
DOI:10.1016/j.dcn.2026.101780