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Long-Term Discharge Records from United States and European Karst Springs: Data Limitations in Trend Analysis.

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Τίτλος: Long-Term Discharge Records from United States and European Karst Springs: Data Limitations in Trend Analysis.
Συγγραφείς: Toran L, Baraza T; America's Watershed Initiative, St. Louis, MO., Çallı KÖ; Institute of Groundwater Management, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany., Finegan CR; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MO., Hasenmueller EA; Department of Earth, Environmental, and Geospatial Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO., Nyquist J; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA., Sarker SK; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY., Spellman P; School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
Πηγή: Ground water [Ground Water] 2026 Sep-Oct; Vol. 64 (5), pp. 634-649. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 10.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Blackwell Publishing Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9882886 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1745-6584 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 0017467X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Ground Water Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2005- : Malden, MA : Blackwell Publishing
Original Publication: Worthington, Ohio : Water Well Journal Pub. Co.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Groundwater*/analysis , Natural Springs*, United States ; Europe ; Climate Change ; Environmental Monitoring ; Seasons ; Temperature
Περίληψη: A cross-site comparison of 49 springs from the United States and Europe with more than a 30-year record of spring discharge was conducted to look for response to climate change (temperature and precipitation). The dataset included both carbonate and non-carbonate springs across urban and rural settings, covering a wide range of discharge (0.001 to 25 m3/s) and discharge variability (45 to 6500% variability index) to encompass aquifers with a variety of hydrologic regimes and degrees of karstification. Relatively small changes in discharge trends (i.e., change in discharge over the long-term time record) and similar responses across the diverse spring dataset were observed, which suggested that groundwater storage buffers hydrologic stresses in these aquifers despite varying degrees of karstification. Although decreases in discharge were associated with an observed increase in air temperature, larger air temperature trends did not lead to larger discharge trends. Spring discharge trends over time could not be categorized by spring behavior as measured by mean discharge, variability in discharge, or rural vs. urban setting. The detection of trends was sensitive to the time period being considered, with selected time periods yielding different and sometimes opposite discharge trends, highlighting the importance of time period selection when making cross-site comparisons. This study benefited from cross-site comparison by finding similarities in spring discharge trends across varied karst regimes.
(© 2026 The Author(s). Groundwater published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Ground Water Association.)
References: Ground Water. 2011 May-Jun;49(3):324-35. (PMID: 20662944)
Ground Water. 2006 Nov-Dec;44(6):832-6. (PMID: 17087755)
Ground Water. 2006 May-Jun;44(3):352-61. (PMID: 16681516)
Ground Water. 2025 Jul-Aug;63(4):522-537. (PMID: 40370010)
Sci Total Environ. 2016 Oct 15;568:457-469. (PMID: 27314899)
Ground Water. 2015 Apr;53 Suppl 1:113-22. (PMID: 25394224)
J Am Water Resour Assoc. 2020 May 16;56(3):486-506. (PMID: 33424224)
Ground Water. 2017 Mar;55(2):227-236. (PMID: 27643637)
Sci Data. 2020 Feb 20;7(1):59. (PMID: 32080203)
Environ Manage. 2005 Jul;36(1):101-16. (PMID: 16132452)
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Feb 25;966:178561. (PMID: 39904221)
Grant Information: EAR-1905259 National Science Foundation
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260710 Date Completed: 20260913 Latest Revision: 20260915
Update Code: 20260915
PubMed Central ID: PMC13571171
DOI: 10.1111/gwat.70093
PMID: 42429464
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Long-Term Discharge Records from United States and European Karst Springs: Data Limitations in Trend Analysis.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Toran+L%22">Toran L</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baraza+T%22">Baraza T</searchLink>; America's Watershed Initiative, St. Louis, MO.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Çallı+KÖ%22">Çallı KÖ</searchLink>; Institute of Groundwater Management, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Finegan+CR%22">Finegan CR</searchLink>; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MO.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hasenmueller+EA%22">Hasenmueller EA</searchLink>; Department of Earth, Environmental, and Geospatial Science, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Nyquist+J%22">Nyquist J</searchLink>; Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sarker+SK%22">Sarker SK</searchLink>; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Spellman+P%22">Spellman P</searchLink>; School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL.
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  Data: A cross-site comparison of 49 springs from the United States and Europe with more than a 30-year record of spring discharge was conducted to look for response to climate change (temperature and precipitation). The dataset included both carbonate and non-carbonate springs across urban and rural settings, covering a wide range of discharge (0.001 to 25 m<superscript>3</superscript>/s) and discharge variability (45 to 6500% variability index) to encompass aquifers with a variety of hydrologic regimes and degrees of karstification. Relatively small changes in discharge trends (i.e., change in discharge over the long-term time record) and similar responses across the diverse spring dataset were observed, which suggested that groundwater storage buffers hydrologic stresses in these aquifers despite varying degrees of karstification. Although decreases in discharge were associated with an observed increase in air temperature, larger air temperature trends did not lead to larger discharge trends. Spring discharge trends over time could not be categorized by spring behavior as measured by mean discharge, variability in discharge, or rural vs. urban setting. The detection of trends was sensitive to the time period being considered, with selected time periods yielding different and sometimes opposite discharge trends, highlighting the importance of time period selection when making cross-site comparisons. This study benefited from cross-site comparison by finding similarities in spring discharge trends across varied karst regimes.<br /> (© 2026 The Author(s). Groundwater published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of National Ground Water Association.)
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  Data: Ground Water. 2011 May-Jun;49(3):324-35. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220662944%22">20662944)</searchLink><br />Ground Water. 2006 Nov-Dec;44(6):832-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2217087755%22">17087755)</searchLink><br />Ground Water. 2006 May-Jun;44(3):352-61. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216681516%22">16681516)</searchLink><br />Ground Water. 2025 Jul-Aug;63(4):522-537. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240370010%22">40370010)</searchLink><br />Sci Total Environ. 2016 Oct 15;568:457-469. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227314899%22">27314899)</searchLink><br />Ground Water. 2015 Apr;53 Suppl 1:113-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225394224%22">25394224)</searchLink><br />J Am Water Resour Assoc. 2020 May 16;56(3):486-506. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233424224%22">33424224)</searchLink><br />Ground Water. 2017 Mar;55(2):227-236. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227643637%22">27643637)</searchLink><br />Sci Data. 2020 Feb 20;7(1):59. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232080203%22">32080203)</searchLink><br />Environ Manage. 2005 Jul;36(1):101-16. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216132452%22">16132452)</searchLink><br />Sci Total Environ. 2025 Feb 25;966:178561. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239904221%22">39904221)</searchLink>
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