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Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) functions as a key regulator of inflammatory responses to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum).

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Τίτλος: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) functions as a key regulator of inflammatory responses to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum).
Συγγραφείς: Liang J; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China., Yu T; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China., Feng H; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China., Zhu X; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China., Liu M; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China., Xu Z; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China., Fang L; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China., Li D; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China. Electronic address: lidongdong@dlou.edu.cn., Huo Z; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China. Electronic address: huozm@dlou.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Fish & shellfish immunology [Fish Shellfish Immunol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 177, pp. 111587. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 09.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Academic Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9505220 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9947 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10504648 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Fish Shellfish Immunol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: London ; New York : Academic Press, c1991-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Vibrio parahaemolyticus*/physiology , Bivalvia*/immunology , Bivalvia*/genetics , Bivalvia*/microbiology , Immunity, Innate*/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2*/genetics , Toll-Like Receptor 2*/chemistry , Toll-Like Receptor 2*/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 2*/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation*/immunology, Inflammation/immunology ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Animals ; Phylogeny ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Sequence Alignment ; Base Sequence ; Innate Immunity Recognition
Περίληψη: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pivotal pattern-recognition receptor in innate immunity. It is well characterized in vertebrates but remains poorly understood in mollusks. In this study, we identified a TLR2 homolog (RpTLR2) in Ruditapes philippinarum encoding a 575-amino acid protein with a canonical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis placed RpTLR2 within the molluscan TLR2 clade, confirming its evolutionary conservation. RpTLR2 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest transcript levels in the gill and mantle. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, RpTLR2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated. Functional assays showed that RpTLR2 overexpression intensified inflammatory responses and increased the expression of key inflammation-related genes, whereas RNA interference-mediated RpTLR2 knockdown markedly reduced V. parahaemolyticus-induced inflammation in gill cells. Overall, our findings indicate that RpTLR2 acts as a positive regulator of V. parahaemolyticus-induced inflammatory responses. These results improve understanding of TLR2-mediated innate immunity in mollusks and provide a molecular basis for studying host-pathogen interactions in bivalves.
(Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Inflammatory response; Ruditapes philippinarum; Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2); Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 2)
0 (RNA, Messenger)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260709 Date Completed: 20260806 Latest Revision: 20260806
Update Code: 20260807
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2026.111587
PMID: 42425214
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) functions as a key regulator of inflammatory responses to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum).
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liang+J%22">Liang J</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Yu+T%22">Yu T</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Feng+H%22">Feng H</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhu+X%22">Zhu X</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+M%22">Liu M</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xu+Z%22">Xu Z</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Fang+L%22">Fang L</searchLink>; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China; College of Marine Science and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+D%22">Li D</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China. Electronic address: lidongdong@dlou.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Huo+Z%22">Huo Z</searchLink>; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Engineering Research Center of Shellfish Culture and Breeding in Liaoning Province, Dalian, 116023, China. Electronic address: huozm@dlou.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229505220%22">Fish & shellfish immunology</searchLink> [Fish Shellfish Immunol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 177, pp. 111587. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jul 09.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Academic+Press%22">Academic Press </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>9505220 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1095-9947 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2210504648%22">10504648 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Fish Shellfish Immunol <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: London ; New York : Academic Press, c1991-
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Vibrio+parahaemolyticus%22">Vibrio parahaemolyticus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Vibrio+parahaemolyticus+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bivalvia%22">Bivalvia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bivalvia+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bivalvia%22">Bivalvia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bivalvia+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bivalvia%22">Bivalvia*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bivalvia+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Immunity%2C+Innate%22">Immunity, Innate*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Immunity%2C+Innate+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2%22">Toll-Like Receptor 2*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2%22">Toll-Like Receptor 2*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2%22">Toll-Like Receptor 2*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2%22">Toll-Like Receptor 2*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Toll-Like+Receptor+2+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gene+Expression+Regulation%22">Gene Expression Regulation*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gene+Expression+Regulation+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Inflammation%22">Inflammation</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Inflammation+immunology%22">immunology</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA%2C+Messenger%22">RNA, Messenger</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA%2C+Messenger+metabolism%22">metabolism</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA%2C+Messenger%22">RNA, Messenger</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22RNA%2C+Messenger+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Phylogeny%22">Phylogeny</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Amino+Acid+Sequence%22">Amino Acid Sequence</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Sequence+Alignment%22">Sequence Alignment</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Base+Sequence%22">Base Sequence</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Innate+Immunity+Recognition%22">Innate Immunity Recognition</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) is a pivotal pattern-recognition receptor in innate immunity. It is well characterized in vertebrates but remains poorly understood in mollusks. In this study, we identified a TLR2 homolog (RpTLR2) in Ruditapes philippinarum encoding a 575-amino acid protein with a canonical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain. Phylogenetic analysis placed RpTLR2 within the molluscan TLR2 clade, confirming its evolutionary conservation. RpTLR2 was constitutively expressed in all examined tissues, with the highest transcript levels in the gill and mantle. After Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, RpTLR2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated. Functional assays showed that RpTLR2 overexpression intensified inflammatory responses and increased the expression of key inflammation-related genes, whereas RNA interference-mediated RpTLR2 knockdown markedly reduced V. parahaemolyticus-induced inflammation in gill cells. Overall, our findings indicate that RpTLR2 acts as a positive regulator of V. parahaemolyticus-induced inflammatory responses. These results improve understanding of TLR2-mediated innate immunity in mollusks and provide a molecular basis for studying host-pathogen interactions in bivalves.<br /> (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Inflammatory response; Ruditapes philippinarum; Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2); Vibrio parahaemolyticus
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 111587
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Inflammation immunology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RNA, Messenger metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: RNA, Messenger genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Innate Immunity Recognition
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Vibrio parahaemolyticus physiology
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      – SubjectFull: Bivalvia immunology
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      – SubjectFull: Immunity, Innate genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Toll-Like Receptor 2 genetics
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      – TitleFull: Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) functions as a key regulator of inflammatory responses to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in the Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum).
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              Text: 2026 Oct
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