Academic Journal
Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Key Mechanisms, Driving Factors, and Research Advances.
| Τίτλος: | Immobilization of Heavy Metals by Microbial Extracellular Polymeric Substances: Key Mechanisms, Driving Factors, and Research Advances. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Yang C; State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, PR China., Ding C; Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China., Zhao X; State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, PR China. zhaoxinxin@snut.edu.cn., Zhang S; State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, PR China., Yang K; State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, PR China., Sun Z; State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, PR China., Liu J; Key Laboratory of Eco-Geochemistry, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing, 100037, PR China., Zhao Z; State Key Laboratory of Qinba Bio-Resource and Ecological Environment, School of Chemical & Environmental Science, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, 723001, PR China. zhaozuoping@126.com. |
| Πηγή: | Applied biochemistry and biotechnology [Appl Biochem Biotechnol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 198 (10), pp. 7331-7366. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 09. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Humana Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 8208561 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1559-0291 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 02732289 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Appl Biochem Biotechnol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Clifton, N.J. : Humana Press, c1981- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Metals, Heavy*/chemistry , Metals, Heavy*/metabolism , Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix*/chemistry , Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix*/metabolism, Adsorption ; Biodegradation, Environmental |
| Περίληψη: | Microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are increasingly recognized as promising biogenic matrices for heavy metal immobilization, but their role is still frequently interpreted through an adsorption-centered perspective. This interpretation limits a mechanistic understanding of why EPS-rich systems often show greater stability and adaptability than conventional biosorbents under complex wastewater conditions. This study proposes to view EPS-mediated heavy metal immobilization as a coupled and adaptive process that integrates rapid adsorption, selective coordination, precipitation, biomineralization, biofilm protection, and microbial regulation. Evidence from recent studies indicates that EPS immobilize heavy metals through ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, coordination complexation, direct precipitation, and metabolically induced biomineralization, while these pathways are jointly governed by EPS composition, functional-group distribution, spatial stratification, pH, salinity, redox state, nutrient balance, metal stress, and quorum sensing. A key point of this study is that it attempts to go beyond describing what EPS do and to explain how EPS convert transient metal capture into more stable immobilization by linking extracellular chemistry, microbial metabolism, and biofilm-scale organization. This framework suggests a different interpretation of prior studies: high adsorption capacity alone should not be treated as a universal performance indicator; instead, EPS performance should be evaluated by capacity, selectivity, post-binding stability, regeneration potential, and tolerance to mixed-metal and saline wastewater conditions. By critically comparing mechanisms, performance ranges, and engineering trade-offs, this review provides a more analytical basis for controllable EPS production, functional optimization, composite design, and resource-oriented wastewater treatment. EPS should be regarded not merely as passive biosorbents, but as adaptive biological interfaces with strong potential for sustainable and scalable heavy metal remediation. (© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Consent to participate: All authors consent to participate. Consent to publish: All authors consent to publish. Clinical trial number: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. |
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| Grant Information: | 2024JC-YBQN-0255 Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation; QCYRCXM-2023-062 Qin Chuangyuan High-level Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Shaanxi Province; SLGRCQD019 the Scientific Research Fund Project of Shaanxi University of Technology, China; 2025RS-CXTD-040 the Science and Technology Innovation Team Project of Shaanxi Province |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Biomineralization; Biosorption; Environmental biotechnology; Extracellular polymeric substances; Heavy metals |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 0 (Metals, Heavy) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260709 Date Completed: 20260923 Latest Revision: 20260923 |
| Update Code: | 20260924 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s12010-026-05807-6 |
| PMID: | 42423876 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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