Academic Journal
Association between thyroid hormone T3 and aggression in drug-naïve schizophrenia: a directed acyclic graph analysis.
| Τίτλος: | Association between thyroid hormone T3 and aggression in drug-naïve schizophrenia: a directed acyclic graph analysis. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Yao C; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Jiang C; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Zhang M; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Su Q; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Sun X; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Feng Z; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Zhou B; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Li M; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China., Qiu Y; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China. qiuyuying1987@126.com., Li J; Tianjin Anding Hospital, Mental Health Center, Tianjin Medical University, 13 Liulin Road, Hexi District, Tianjin, 300222, China. jieli@tmu.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience [Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci] 2026 Oct; Vol. 276 (7), pp. 3531-3541. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 08. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9103030 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1433-8491 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09401334 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Berlin ; New York : Springer International, c1990- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Schizophrenia*/blood , Schizophrenia*/physiopathology , Triiodothyronine*/blood , Aggression*/physiology , Thyrotropin*/blood , Schizophrenic Psychology*, Thyroxine/blood ; Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Middle Aged ; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales ; Young Adult |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Aggression is a major clinical issue in schizophrenia, but its biological basis remains unclear. This study examined the relationship between thyroid hormones, psychiatric symptoms, and aggression in drug-naïve schizophrenia (DNS) patients using causal inference methods. Methods: In a case-control study, we examined 161 DNS patients and 63 healthy controls. Aggression was assessed with the Modified Overt Aggression Scale (MOAS) and psychiatric symptoms with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4) were measured. DAG modeling, multivariable regression, mediation, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to characterize the relationships among thyroid hormones, psychiatric symptoms, and aggression. Results: DNS patients exhibited significantly lower TSH levels than controls (t = - 24.81, p < 0.001). Within the schizophrenia cohort, the high-aggression group showed higher T3 levels (t = 2.24, p = 0.03) and more severe positive symptoms (t = 2.85, p < 0.001) than the low-aggression group. DAG analysis identified a direct association between T3 and aggression severity. In multivariable regression analyses, T3 remained significantly associated with aggression severity after adjustment for T4, age, and sex (β = 5.08, p = 0.01); and the association remained significant after further adjustment for positive and negative symptom dimensions (β = 4.99, p = 0.01). Mediation analyses found no evidence that positive or negative symptom dimensions explained this association. Sensitivity analyses supported the robustness of the findings. Conclusions: Higher T3 levels were associated with greater aggression severity in patients with schizophrenia. (© 2026. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethical approval: The design, data collection, analysis and interpretation of the results of this study were based solely on scientific principles and ethical standards. All authors contributed their expertise to all stages of the study and approved the final manuscript. |
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| Grant Information: | TJWJ2023MS039 Tianjin Health Research Project; TJYXZDXK-3-015B Tianjin Key Medical Discipline Construction Project; 22JCZDJC00110 Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Aggression; Directed acyclic graphs; Drug-naïve schizophrenia |
| Substance Nomenclature: | 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine) Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine) 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260708 Date Completed: 20260910 Latest Revision: 20261008 |
| Update Code: | 20261008 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00406-026-02312-z |
| PMID: | 42420552 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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