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Recombination, mobile genetic elements, and genetic transfer contribute to the adaptation of Streptococcus uberis causing mastitis.

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Title: Recombination, mobile genetic elements, and genetic transfer contribute to the adaptation of Streptococcus uberis causing mastitis.
Authors: Srithanasuwan A; Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.; School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand., Zou Y; Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands., Zadoks RN; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia., Suriyasathaporn W; School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. suriyasathaporn.witaya.y3@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp.; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. suriyasathaporn.witaya.y3@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp.; Cambodia Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. suriyasathaporn.witaya.y3@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp., Schukken YH; Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. ynte.schukken@wur.nl.; GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA, Deventer, The Netherlands. ynte.schukken@wur.nl.; Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ynte.schukken@wur.nl.
Source: Veterinary research [Vet Res] 2026 Jul 07; Vol. 57 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 07.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9309551 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1297-9716 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09284249 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vet Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2011- : London : BioMed Central
Original Publication: Paris : Editions Scientifiques Elsevier ; INRA, c1993-
MeSH Terms: Streptococcus*/genetics , Streptococcus*/physiology , Mastitis, Bovine*/microbiology , Streptococcal Infections*/veterinary , Streptococcal Infections*/microbiology , Interspersed Repetitive Sequences* , Recombination, Genetic* , Gene Transfer, Horizontal*, Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; Animals ; Cattle ; Genome, Bacterial ; Female ; Thailand
Abstract: Streptococcus uberis is a major cause of bovine mastitis. However, the genomic mechanisms that facilitate adaptation of the pathogen within different host-associated environment or selection pressures remain poorly understood. This study analyzed whole-genome sequence data from three Thai dairy herds to investigate the contributions of recombination and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to S. uberis evolution and adaptation. Among the 138 S. uberis genomes, 42 core genome sequence types (cgSTs) were identified, along with frequent detection of MGEs such as plasmid-associated genes (81.1% of isolates), prophages (67.4% of isolates), and insertion sequences (26.1% of isolates). The isolates from farm A exhibited the longest recombined fragment size, but with extremely low recombination frequency and recombination-to-mutation ratio. By contrast, the isolates from farm B, which had the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene, showed a high recombination-to-mutation ratio (R/θ = 4.42) and more frequently contained MGEs associated with AMR genes. Finally, isolates from farm C shared a single core genome and AMR profile but harbored diverse prophages. Several prophages shared high sequence similarity (>99%) with phages infecting other bacterial genera, suggesting that ecological overlap between bacterial species may facilitate cross-genus genetic exchange, highlighting the influence of microbial ecology on the evolution of S. uberis. Collectively, our results illustrate the variety of mechanisms and genetic elements that contribute to the adaptive evolution of S. uberis in dairy farming environments.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All S. uberis genome sequences used in this study were derived from a previous study approved by the Chiang Mai University Animal Care and Use Committee (Ref. no. S26/2562). No new animal sampling was conducted. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Ir Vet J. 2005 Jun 01;58(6):333-7. (PMID: 21851671)
Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 24;11(1):22859. (PMID: 34819576)
Anim Reprod Sci. 2017 Oct;185:109-117. (PMID: 28869109)
J Med Microbiol. 2024 Oct;73(10):. (PMID: 39412238)
Mob Genet Elements. 2011 May;1(1):55-65. (PMID: 22016845)
BMC Vet Res. 2022 Jul 7;18(1):264. (PMID: 35799261)
Sci Rep. 2021 Feb 4;11(1):3046. (PMID: 33542314)
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Nov 23;60(2):1164-6. (PMID: 26596938)
Wellcome Open Res. 2018 Sep 24;3:124. (PMID: 30345391)
Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jan 1;34(Database issue):D32-6. (PMID: 16381877)
Microb Genom. 2025 Jul;11(7):. (PMID: 40709905)
Nat Commun. 2024 Apr 24;15(1):3477. (PMID: 38658529)
Front Microbiol. 2022 Jan 06;12:773284. (PMID: 35069478)
Animals (Basel). 2022 Nov 25;12(23):. (PMID: 36496808)
Viruses. 2016 Mar 01;8(3):66. (PMID: 26938550)
J Dairy Sci. 2025 Sep;108(9):10173-10185. (PMID: 40645489)
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BMC Genomics. 2013 Dec 27;14:920. (PMID: 24369756)
mBio. 2025 Mar 12;16(3):e0285224. (PMID: 39976435)
PLoS One. 2025 Aug 18;20(8):e0330304. (PMID: 40824964)
J Dairy Sci. 2013 Feb;96(2):962-70. (PMID: 23200465)
J Dairy Sci. 2020 Apr;103(4):3565-3576. (PMID: 32037160)
BMC Vet Res. 2021 Oct 7;17(1):321. (PMID: 34620161)
PLoS One. 2007 Mar 21;2(3):e315. (PMID: 17375201)
Sci Rep. 2024 Feb 2;14(1):2745. (PMID: 38302507)
FEMS Microbes. 2024 Sep 09;5:xtae027. (PMID: 39391373)
Microb Genom. 2016 Apr 29;2(4):e000056. (PMID: 28348851)
Mol Biol Evol. 2006 Feb;23(2):254-67. (PMID: 16221896)
Int J Food Microbiol. 2022 Oct 2;378:109821. (PMID: 35816956)
Animals (Basel). 2022 Sep 07;12(18):. (PMID: 36139187)
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2021 Jan 1;76(1):101-109. (PMID: 33009809)
Microb Genom. 2024 Jul;10(7):. (PMID: 39017043)
J Dairy Sci. 1996 Jan;79(1):62-70. (PMID: 8675783)
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 17;20(6):e0324920. (PMID: 40526704)
Virology. 2016 Sep;496:42-50. (PMID: 27254594)
J Dairy Sci. 2022 Feb;105(2):1504-1518. (PMID: 34955276)
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Microb Genom. 2024 Oct;10(10):. (PMID: 39418095)
Antibiotics (Basel). 2026 Jan 01;15(1):. (PMID: 41594068)
BMC Microbiol. 2019 Jan 28;19(1):24. (PMID: 30691408)
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Dec;76(24):7957-65. (PMID: 20952646)
PLoS Comput Biol. 2015 Feb 12;11(2):e1004041. (PMID: 25675341)
Front Genet. 2015 Jun 15;6:214. (PMID: 26124774)
Chemosphere. 2024 Dec;369:143808. (PMID: 39608649)
J Dairy Sci. 2016 Dec;99(12):9864-9874. (PMID: 27743665)
Res Vet Sci. 2023 Nov;164:105032. (PMID: 37844492)
Bioinformatics. 2024 Jun 3;40(6):. (PMID: 38870520)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Streptococcus uberis; antimicrobial resistance; mobile genetic elements; prophage; recombinant event
SCR Organism: Streptococcus uberis
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260708 Date Completed: 20260708 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13343983
DOI: 10.1186/s13567-026-01795-x
PMID: 42415201
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Recombination, mobile genetic elements, and genetic transfer contribute to the adaptation of Streptococcus uberis causing mastitis.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Srithanasuwan+A%22">Srithanasuwan A</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.; School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zou+Y%22">Zou Y</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zadoks+RN%22">Zadoks RN</searchLink>; Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Suriyasathaporn+W%22">Suriyasathaporn W</searchLink>; School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. suriyasathaporn.witaya.y3@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp.; Research Center of Producing and Development of Products and Innovations for Animal Health and Production, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50100, Thailand. suriyasathaporn.witaya.y3@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp.; Cambodia Campus, Asian Satellite Campuses Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. suriyasathaporn.witaya.y3@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schukken+YH%22">Schukken YH</searchLink>; Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands. ynte.schukken@wur.nl.; GD Animal Health, PO Box 9, 7400 AA, Deventer, The Netherlands. ynte.schukken@wur.nl.; Department of Population Health Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CL, Utrecht, The Netherlands. ynte.schukken@wur.nl.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229309551%22">Veterinary research</searchLink> [Vet Res] 2026 Jul 07; Vol. 57 (1). <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jul 07.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22BioMed+Central%22">BioMed Central </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>9309551 <i>Publication Model: </i>Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1297-9716 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2209284249%22">09284249 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Vet Res <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcus%22">Streptococcus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcus+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcus%22">Streptococcus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcus+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mastitis%2C+Bovine%22">Mastitis, Bovine*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Mastitis%2C+Bovine+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcal+Infections%22">Streptococcal Infections*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcal+Infections+veterinary%22">veterinary</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcal+Infections%22">Streptococcal Infections*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Streptococcal+Infections+microbiology%22">microbiology</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Interspersed+Repetitive+Sequences%22">Interspersed Repetitive Sequences*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Recombination%2C+Genetic%22">Recombination, Genetic*</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Gene+Transfer%2C+Horizontal%22">Gene Transfer, Horizontal*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adaptation%2C+Physiological%22">Adaptation, Physiological</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Adaptation%2C+Physiological+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Animals%22">Animals</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Cattle%22">Cattle</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Genome%2C+Bacterial%22">Genome, Bacterial</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Female%22">Female</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thailand%22">Thailand</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Streptococcus uberis is a major cause of bovine mastitis. However, the genomic mechanisms that facilitate adaptation of the pathogen within different host-associated environment or selection pressures remain poorly understood. This study analyzed whole-genome sequence data from three Thai dairy herds to investigate the contributions of recombination and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) to S. uberis evolution and adaptation. Among the 138 S. uberis genomes, 42 core genome sequence types (cgSTs) were identified, along with frequent detection of MGEs such as plasmid-associated genes (81.1% of isolates), prophages (67.4% of isolates), and insertion sequences (26.1% of isolates). The isolates from farm A exhibited the longest recombined fragment size, but with extremely low recombination frequency and recombination-to-mutation ratio. By contrast, the isolates from farm B, which had the highest prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene, showed a high recombination-to-mutation ratio (R/θ = 4.42) and more frequently contained MGEs associated with AMR genes. Finally, isolates from farm C shared a single core genome and AMR profile but harbored diverse prophages. Several prophages shared high sequence similarity (>99%) with phages infecting other bacterial genera, suggesting that ecological overlap between bacterial species may facilitate cross-genus genetic exchange, highlighting the influence of microbial ecology on the evolution of S. uberis. Collectively, our results illustrate the variety of mechanisms and genetic elements that contribute to the adaptive evolution of S. uberis in dairy farming environments.<br /> (© 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: All S. uberis genome sequences used in this study were derived from a previous study approved by the Chiang Mai University Animal Care and Use Committee (Ref. no. S26/2562). No new animal sampling was conducted. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233542314%22">33542314)</searchLink><br />Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015 Nov 23;60(2):1164-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226596938%22">26596938)</searchLink><br />Wellcome Open Res. 2018 Sep 24;3:124. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230345391%22">30345391)</searchLink><br />Nucleic Acids Res. 2006 Jan 1;34(Database issue):D32-6. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2216381877%22">16381877)</searchLink><br />Microb Genom. 2025 Jul;11(7):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240709905%22">40709905)</searchLink><br />Nat Commun. 2024 Apr 24;15(1):3477. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238658529%22">38658529)</searchLink><br />Front Microbiol. 2022 Jan 06;12:773284. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235069478%22">35069478)</searchLink><br />Animals (Basel). 2022 Nov 25;12(23):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236496808%22">36496808)</searchLink><br />Viruses. 2016 Mar 01;8(3):66. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226938550%22">26938550)</searchLink><br />J Dairy Sci. 2025 Sep;108(9):10173-10185. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240645489%22">40645489)</searchLink><br />Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2012 Sep;25(9):1322-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225049697%22">25049697)</searchLink><br />BMC Genomics. 2013 Dec 27;14:920. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224369756%22">24369756)</searchLink><br />mBio. 2025 Mar 12;16(3):e0285224. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239976435%22">39976435)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2025 Aug 18;20(8):e0330304. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240824964%22">40824964)</searchLink><br />J Dairy Sci. 2013 Feb;96(2):962-70. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2223200465%22">23200465)</searchLink><br />J Dairy Sci. 2020 Apr;103(4):3565-3576. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232037160%22">32037160)</searchLink><br />BMC Vet Res. 2021 Oct 7;17(1):321. 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(PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2233009809%22">33009809)</searchLink><br />Microb Genom. 2024 Jul;10(7):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239017043%22">39017043)</searchLink><br />J Dairy Sci. 1996 Jan;79(1):62-70. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%228675783%22">8675783)</searchLink><br />PLoS One. 2025 Jun 17;20(6):e0324920. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240526704%22">40526704)</searchLink><br />Virology. 2016 Sep;496:42-50. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227254594%22">27254594)</searchLink><br />J Dairy Sci. 2022 Feb;105(2):1504-1518. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234955276%22">34955276)</searchLink><br />Front Microbiol. 2020 Aug 31;11:1993. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232983017%22">32983017)</searchLink><br />Vet Microbiol. 2025 Jan;300:110319. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239637769%22">39637769)</searchLink><br />Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Apr 25;13(5):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238786118%22">38786118)</searchLink><br />Nucleic Acids Res. 2023 Jul 5;51(W1):W443-W450. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237194694%22">37194694)</searchLink><br />Antibiotics (Basel). 2025 Mar 12;14(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240149107%22">40149107)</searchLink><br />Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 26;25(15):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239125755%22">39125755)</searchLink><br />Microb Genom. 2021 Sep;7(9):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234486971%22">34486971)</searchLink><br />Nucleic Acids Res. 2019 Jul 2;47(W1):W74-W80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231114893%22">31114893)</searchLink><br />Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018 Aug 1;31(4):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230068738%22">30068738)</searchLink><br />Microb Genom. 2024 Oct;10(10):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239418095%22">39418095)</searchLink><br />Antibiotics (Basel). 2026 Jan 01;15(1):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2241594068%22">41594068)</searchLink><br />BMC Microbiol. 2019 Jan 28;19(1):24. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2230691408%22">30691408)</searchLink><br />Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010 Dec;76(24):7957-65. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2220952646%22">20952646)</searchLink><br />PLoS Comput Biol. 2015 Feb 12;11(2):e1004041. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225675341%22">25675341)</searchLink><br />Front Genet. 2015 Jun 15;6:214. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2226124774%22">26124774)</searchLink><br />Chemosphere. 2024 Dec;369:143808. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239608649%22">39608649)</searchLink><br />J Dairy Sci. 2016 Dec;99(12):9864-9874. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227743665%22">27743665)</searchLink><br />Res Vet Sci. 2023 Nov;164:105032. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237844492%22">37844492)</searchLink><br />Bioinformatics. 2024 Jun 3;40(6):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238870520%22">38870520)</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Streptococcus uberis; antimicrobial resistance; mobile genetic elements; prophage; recombinant event
– Name: SubjectOther
  Label: SCR Organism
  Group: Su
  Data: Streptococcus uberis
– Name: DateEntry
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260708 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260708 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260813
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260814
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13343983
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1186/s13567-026-01795-x
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
  Group: ID
  Data: 42415201
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42415201
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1186/s13567-026-01795-x
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Adaptation, Physiological genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Animals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cattle
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genome, Bacterial
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thailand
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Streptococcus genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Streptococcus physiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mastitis, Bovine microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Streptococcal Infections veterinary
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Streptococcal Infections microbiology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interspersed Repetitive Sequences
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Recombination, Genetic
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gene Transfer, Horizontal
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Recombination, mobile genetic elements, and genetic transfer contribute to the adaptation of Streptococcus uberis causing mastitis.
        Type: main
  BibRelationships:
    HasContributorRelationships:
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Srithanasuwan A
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zou Y
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Zadoks RN
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Suriyasathaporn W
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Schukken YH
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 07
              M: 07
              Text: 2026 Jul 07
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1297-9716
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 57
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Veterinary research
              Type: main
ResultId 1