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Soil salinity modulates fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of rice bran oil.

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Τίτλος: Soil salinity modulates fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of rice bran oil.
Συγγραφείς: Manasathien J; Program of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand., Laojinda W; Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand., Attarataya J; Beamline Division, Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand., Khanema P; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.; Isan Saline Soil Research Unit (ISSRU), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
Πηγή: PeerJ [PeerJ] 2026 Jul 02; Vol. 14, pp. e21476. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 02 (Print Publication: 2026).
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: PeerJ Inc Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101603425 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2167-8359 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21678359 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PeerJ Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Corte Madera, CA : PeerJ Inc.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Antioxidants*/analysis , Antioxidants*/chemistry , Fatty Acids*/analysis , Fatty Acids*/chemistry , Soil*/chemistry , Rice Bran Oil*/chemistry , Salinity*, Oryza/chemistry ; Phenylpropionates/analysis ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/analysis ; Thailand ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
Περίληψη: Background: Rice bran oil (RBO) is valued for its nutritional and functional properties; however, the influence of soil salinity on RBO quality under field conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study examined RBO derived from two major Thai rice varieties, glutinous RD6 and non-glutinous KDML105, cultivated across saline-affected sites along the Siao Yai River in northeastern Thailand.
Methods: Soil chemical properties, including electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable cations, and chloride, were evaluated in relation to RBO yield, γ-oryzanol content, antioxidant activity, elemental composition, fatty acid profiles, and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) characteristics.
Results: Soil salinity was strongly associated with variations in RBO compositional quality. Significant salinity effects were observed for specific saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic (C18:0) and arachidic acids (C20:0), which decreased under high-salinity conditions, and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), which increased under high salinity. In addition, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) and fatty acid ratios, including monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA), and unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) were significantly higher under saline conditions, indicating a shift toward a relatively more unsaturated lipid profile. Antioxidant activity increased significantly with salinity and was positively associated with salinity indicators and unsaturated fatty acids, while carotenoid content was also higher under saline conditions and γ-oryzanol showed a variety-dependent response to salinity. In contrast, RBO yield was not affected by salinity, suggesting a potential decoupling between oil quantity and compositional quality, although this relationship warrants further controlled investigation. Calcium concentration in RBO increased under high salinity, suggesting a soil-oil linkage, whereas other elements showed limited responses. SR-FTIR analysis revealed comparable triacylglycerol spectral features across all samples, indicating that salinity-related differences were quantitative rather than structural.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that saline soil environments may enhance key nutritional and functional attributes of RBO without compromising oil yield, highlighting opportunities for valorizing RBO produced in saline-prone agricultural regions.
(©2026 Manasathien et al.)
Competing Interests: Jakrada Attarataya is an employee of the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
References: Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 18;13(1):2895. (PMID: 36807545)
Front Nutr. 2022 Feb 24;9:833730. (PMID: 35284435)
Plant Physiol. 2022 Jun 1;189(2):805-826. (PMID: 35289902)
J Food Sci. 2020 Jan;85(1):14-20. (PMID: 31869858)
Plant Physiol. 2025 Feb 07;197(2):. (PMID: 39823389)
J Food Sci. 2012 Jul;77(7):C759-64. (PMID: 22708681)
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Apr;375(8):1254-9. (PMID: 12733048)
Food Chem. 2023 Mar 15;404(Pt A):134568. (PMID: 36252381)
BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Jun 24;23(1):337. (PMID: 37353755)
Plants (Basel). 2023 May 07;12(9):. (PMID: 37176962)
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 01;24(3):. (PMID: 36769084)
Foods. 2024 Apr 24;13(9):. (PMID: 38731675)
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1):64-8. (PMID: 15640461)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Fatty acid composition; Field-based study; Multivariate analysis; Rice bran oil; Rice cultivars; Soil salinity; Unsaturated fatty acids; γ-oryzanol
Molecular Sequence: figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.31082683.v4
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Antioxidants)
0 (Fatty Acids)
0 (Soil)
LZO6K1506A (Rice Bran Oil)
SST9XCL51M (gamma-oryzanol)
0 (Phenylpropionates)
0 (Fatty Acids, Unsaturated)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260706 Date Completed: 20260706 Latest Revision: 20260813
Update Code: 20260814
PubMed Central ID: PMC13333127
DOI: 10.7717/peerj.21476
PMID: 42405261
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Soil salinity modulates fatty acid composition and antioxidant capacity of rice bran oil.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Manasathien+J%22">Manasathien J</searchLink>; Program of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Laojinda+W%22">Laojinda W</searchLink>; Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Attarataya+J%22">Attarataya J</searchLink>; Beamline Division, Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Khanema+P%22">Khanema P</searchLink>; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.; Isan Saline Soil Research Unit (ISSRU), Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants%22">Antioxidants*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants%22">Antioxidants*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids%22">Fatty Acids*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids%22">Fatty Acids*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Fatty+Acids+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Soil%22">Soil*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Soil+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Rice+Bran+Oil%22">Rice Bran Oil*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Rice+Bran+Oil+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Salinity%22">Salinity*</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Oryza%22">Oryza</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Oryza+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Phenylpropionates%22">Phenylpropionates</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Phenylpropionates+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Fatty+Acids%2C+Unsaturated%22">Fatty Acids, Unsaturated</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Fatty+Acids%2C+Unsaturated+analysis%22">analysis</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Thailand%22">Thailand</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Spectroscopy%2C+Fourier+Transform+Infrared%22">Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Rice bran oil (RBO) is valued for its nutritional and functional properties; however, the influence of soil salinity on RBO quality under field conditions remains insufficiently understood. This study examined RBO derived from two major Thai rice varieties, glutinous RD6 and non-glutinous KDML105, cultivated across saline-affected sites along the Siao Yai River in northeastern Thailand.<br />Methods: Soil chemical properties, including electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (EC<subscript>e</subscript>), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), exchangeable cations, and chloride, were evaluated in relation to RBO yield, γ-oryzanol content, antioxidant activity, elemental composition, fatty acid profiles, and synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) characteristics.<br />Results: Soil salinity was strongly associated with variations in RBO compositional quality. Significant salinity effects were observed for specific saturated fatty acids, particularly stearic (C18:0) and arachidic acids (C20:0), which decreased under high-salinity conditions, and linoleic acid (C18:2n6c), which increased under high salinity. In addition, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) and fatty acid ratios, including monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA), and unsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (UFA/SFA) were significantly higher under saline conditions, indicating a shift toward a relatively more unsaturated lipid profile. Antioxidant activity increased significantly with salinity and was positively associated with salinity indicators and unsaturated fatty acids, while carotenoid content was also higher under saline conditions and γ-oryzanol showed a variety-dependent response to salinity. In contrast, RBO yield was not affected by salinity, suggesting a potential decoupling between oil quantity and compositional quality, although this relationship warrants further controlled investigation. Calcium concentration in RBO increased under high salinity, suggesting a soil-oil linkage, whereas other elements showed limited responses. SR-FTIR analysis revealed comparable triacylglycerol spectral features across all samples, indicating that salinity-related differences were quantitative rather than structural.<br />Conclusion: These findings suggest that saline soil environments may enhance key nutritional and functional attributes of RBO without compromising oil yield, highlighting opportunities for valorizing RBO produced in saline-prone agricultural regions.<br /> (©2026 Manasathien et al.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
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  Data: Jakrada Attarataya is an employee of the Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization), Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. The remaining authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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  Data: Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 18;13(1):2895. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236807545%22">36807545)</searchLink><br />Front Nutr. 2022 Feb 24;9:833730. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235284435%22">35284435)</searchLink><br />Plant Physiol. 2022 Jun 1;189(2):805-826. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235289902%22">35289902)</searchLink><br />J Food Sci. 2020 Jan;85(1):14-20. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231869858%22">31869858)</searchLink><br />Plant Physiol. 2025 Feb 07;197(2):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239823389%22">39823389)</searchLink><br />J Food Sci. 2012 Jul;77(7):C759-64. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2222708681%22">22708681)</searchLink><br />Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Apr;375(8):1254-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2212733048%22">12733048)</searchLink><br />Food Chem. 2023 Mar 15;404(Pt A):134568. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236252381%22">36252381)</searchLink><br />BMC Plant Biol. 2023 Jun 24;23(1):337. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237353755%22">37353755)</searchLink><br />Plants (Basel). 2023 May 07;12(9):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237176962%22">37176962)</searchLink><br />Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Feb 01;24(3):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236769084%22">36769084)</searchLink><br />Foods. 2024 Apr 24;13(9):. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2238731675%22">38731675)</searchLink><br />Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1):64-8. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215640461%22">15640461)</searchLink>
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Antioxidant activity; Fatty acid composition; Field-based study; Multivariate analysis; Rice bran oil; Rice cultivars; Soil salinity; Unsaturated fatty acids; γ-oryzanol
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  Data: figshare 10.6084/m9.figshare.31082683.v4
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: e21476
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Oryza chemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Phenylpropionates analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fatty Acids, Unsaturated analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thailand
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Antioxidants analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Antioxidants chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Fatty Acids analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Rice Bran Oil chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Salinity
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