Academic Journal
Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Platforms for the Diagnosis and Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Blinded Expert-Rated Comparative Study of 11 Systems.
| Τίτλος: | Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Platforms for the Diagnosis and Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Blinded Expert-Rated Comparative Study of 11 Systems. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Mayer Y; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Demetriou B; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Rasperini G; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Gabay E; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Gašperšič R; Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Božić D; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia., Calatrava J; Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Ginesin O; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Giladi HZ; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Almeida RF; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Periodontology, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal. |
| Πηγή: | Journal of clinical periodontology [J Clin Periodontol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 53 (10), pp. 1546-1556. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 05. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Comparative Study |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0425123 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1600-051X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03036979 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Periodontol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell Original Publication: Copenhagen, Munksgaard. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Periodontal Diseases*/diagnosis , Periodontal Diseases*/therapy , Large Language Models* , Information Storage and Retrieval*, Humans ; Generative Artificial Intelligence |
| Περίληψη: | Aim: To compare retrieval-augmented systems with general-purpose large language models (LLMs) on standardised periodontal clinical vignettes. Materials and Methods: Eleven AI systems were evaluated: nine general-purpose LLMs, one general-purpose retrieval-augmented platform (Perplexity) and one medical-domain retrieval-augmented platform (OpenEvidence). Each responded to 30 synthetic vignettes covering acute, chronic and complex periodontal scenarios. Six blinded periodontists scored responses on a 5-point Likert scale for accuracy, safety, freedom from hallucinations and completeness in a randomised block design. Friedman and Conover-Iman tests with Holm correction were applied; mixed-effects and ordinal models served as sensitivity analyses. Results: At least one parameter scored dangerous (≤ 2) in 3.3%-46.7% of responses across platforms, despite mean composite scores (3.28-4.86) exceeding the rubric midpoint of 3.0. Between-model differences were significant (p < 0.001), with a small-to-medium overall effect (Kendall's W = 0.17) and large within-category effects (W up to 0.82). Perplexity, OpenEvidence and Claude 4.7 Opus formed a top tier. Conclusion: Retrieval-augmented systems rated highest, but this advantage was confounded with response length. The dangerous-response spread argues against undifferentiated use. These tools should assist, not replace, specialist judgement. (© 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.) |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: artificial intelligence; clinical decision support; diagnosis; large language models; periodontitis |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260705 Date Completed: 20260916 Latest Revision: 20260919 |
| Update Code: | 20260919 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13581464 |
| DOI: | 10.1111/jcpe.70160 |
| PMID: | 42402252 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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