Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Platforms for the Diagnosis and Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Blinded Expert-Rated Comparative Study of 11 Systems.

Λεπτομέρειες βιβλιογραφικής εγγραφής
Τίτλος:	Large Language Models and Retrieval-Augmented Platforms for the Diagnosis and Management of Periodontal Diseases: A Blinded Expert-Rated Comparative Study of 11 Systems.
Συγγραφείς:	Mayer Y; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Demetriou B; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Rasperini G; Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy., Gabay E; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Gašperšič R; Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia., Božić D; Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia., Calatrava J; Section of Graduate Periodontology, Faculty of Odontology, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.; Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA., Ginesin O; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Giladi HZ; The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.; Department of Periodontology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel., Almeida RF; LAQV/REQUIMTE, Periodontology, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
Πηγή:	Journal of clinical periodontology [J Clin Periodontol] 2026 Oct; Vol. 53 (10), pp. 1546-1556. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 05.
Τύπος έκδοσης:	Journal Article; Comparative Study
Γλώσσα:	English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού:	Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0425123 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1600-051X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03036979 NLM ISO Abbreviation: J Clin Periodontol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s):	Publication: Malden, MA : Wiley-Blackwell Original Publication: Copenhagen, Munksgaard.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH):	Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis , Periodontal Diseases/therapy , Large Language Models* , Information Storage and Retrieval*, Humans ; Generative Artificial Intelligence
Περίληψη:	Aim: To compare retrieval-augmented systems with general-purpose large language models (LLMs) on standardised periodontal clinical vignettes. Materials and Methods: Eleven AI systems were evaluated: nine general-purpose LLMs, one general-purpose retrieval-augmented platform (Perplexity) and one medical-domain retrieval-augmented platform (OpenEvidence). Each responded to 30 synthetic vignettes covering acute, chronic and complex periodontal scenarios. Six blinded periodontists scored responses on a 5-point Likert scale for accuracy, safety, freedom from hallucinations and completeness in a randomised block design. Friedman and Conover-Iman tests with Holm correction were applied; mixed-effects and ordinal models served as sensitivity analyses. Results: At least one parameter scored dangerous (≤ 2) in 3.3%-46.7% of responses across platforms, despite mean composite scores (3.28-4.86) exceeding the rubric midpoint of 3.0. Between-model differences were significant (p < 0.001), with a small-to-medium overall effect (Kendall's W = 0.17) and large within-category effects (W up to 0.82). Perplexity, OpenEvidence and Claude 4.7 Opus formed a top tier. Conclusion: Retrieval-augmented systems rated highest, but this advantage was confounded with response length. The dangerous-response spread argues against undifferentiated use. These tools should assist, not replace, specialist judgement. (© 2026 The Author(s). Journal of Clinical Periodontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
References:	Nat Med. 2025 Jan;31(1):60-69. (PMID: 39779929) J Dent Res. 2014 Nov;93(11):1045-53. (PMID: 25261053) JAMA Netw Open. 2026 Apr 01;9(4):e264003. (PMID: 41973425) J Periodontal Res. 2025 Feb;60(2):121-133. (PMID: 39030766) Commun Med (Lond). 2025 Aug 2;5(1):330. (PMID: 40753316) J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S219-S229. (PMID: 29926500) J Clin Periodontol. 2025 May;52(5):707-716. (PMID: 39723544) Clin Oral Investig. 2024 Jun 29;28(7):407. (PMID: 38951256) J Clin Periodontol. 2020 Jul;47 Suppl 22:4-60. (PMID: 32383274) Nat Med. 2023 Aug;29(8):1930-1940. (PMID: 37460753) Front Digit Health. 2026 Jan 05;7:1687820. (PMID: 41561161) J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S159-S172. (PMID: 29926952) J Clin Periodontol. 2018 Jun;45 Suppl 20:S1-S8. (PMID: 29926489) J Am Med Inform Assoc. 2025 Apr 1;32(4):605-615. (PMID: 39812777) Dent J (Basel). 2025 Jun 21;13(7):. (PMID: 40710124) Med Sci Monit. 2026 Apr 01;32:e951721. (PMID: 41920800) Dent J (Basel). 2025 Jun 18;13(6):. (PMID: 40559174) J Am Dent Assoc. 2018 Jul;149(7):576-588.e6. (PMID: 29957185) J Chiropr Med. 2016 Jun;15(2):155-63. (PMID: 27330520) Interact J Med Res. 2025 Jan 28;14:e59823. (PMID: 39874574) J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Aug;49(8):732-739. (PMID: 35322458) J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S173-S182. (PMID: 29926951) J Clin Periodontol. 2022 Jun;49 Suppl 24:4-71. (PMID: 35688447) BMC Bioinformatics. 2017 Jan 25;18(1):68. (PMID: 28122501) J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Dec;134(6):2435-2442. (PMID: 40055086) J Periodontol. 2018 Jun;89 Suppl 1:S85-S102. (PMID: 29926942) J Prosthet Dent. 2025 Dec;134(6):2328-2336. (PMID: 39562221) Lancet. 2019 Jul 20;394(10194):249-260. (PMID: 31327369) BDJ Open. 2024 Dec 1;10(1):90. (PMID: 39617779)
Contributed Indexing:	Keywords: artificial intelligence; clinical decision support; diagnosis; large language models; periodontitis
Entry Date(s):	Date Created: 20260705 Date Completed: 20260916 Latest Revision: 20260919
Update Code:	20260919
PubMed Central ID:	PMC13581464
DOI:	10.1111/jcpe.70160
PMID:	42402252
Βάση Δεδομένων:	MEDLINE

Full Text Finder

Περιγραφή
ISSN:	1600-051X
DOI:	10.1111/jcpe.70160