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Prospective randomized controlled trial of computer simulation versus high-fidelity mannequin simulation in advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training for anesthesiology novice clinicians.

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Τίτλος: Prospective randomized controlled trial of computer simulation versus high-fidelity mannequin simulation in advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training for anesthesiology novice clinicians.
Συγγραφείς: Yu J; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Wang Q; Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Yin L; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Yuan F; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Kan Y; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Wang Z; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Yu Y; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China., Li Q; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. anelivea@126.com.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. anelivea@126.com., Yu Y; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. yyu77@tmu.edu.cn.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. yyu77@tmu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: BMC anesthesiology [BMC Anesthesiol] 2026 Jul 04; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 04.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Randomized Controlled Trial; Comparative Study
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968535 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2253 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712253 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Anesthesiol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: [London] : BioMed Central, 2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Anesthesiology*/education , Advanced Cardiac Life Support*/education , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation*/education , High Fidelity Simulation Training*/methods , Manikins* , Computer Simulation*, Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Clinical Competence ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Internship and Residency
Περίληψη: Background: Traditionally, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training programs have relied heavily on paper-based instructional materials and multimedia theoretical presentations. This study conducts the inaugural comparative analysis of the effectiveness of high-fidelity mannequin simulators versus computer simulators in ACLS training for anesthesiology novice clinicians. Additionally, it aims to identify an optimal training cycle for ACLS.
Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included 62 participants, 30 first-year residents and 32 interns from 2020-2021, who were randomly divided into three groups: the computer simulator group (Group C), the high-fidelity mannequin group (Group M), and the combined computer-mannequin group (Group SM). Baseline (T0) and immediate post-training (T1) assessments were performed, covering technical skills, non-technical skills, and self-confidence and satisfaction. Group performance, CPR initiation time, and defibrillation time were analyzed. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (T2-T5) to identify the optimal ACLS training interval.
Results: Groups C, M, and SM showed significant improvements in technical skills at T1 versus T0 (P < 0.05), with higher megacode scores and reduced times to initiate CPR and defibrillation at T1 (all P < 0.05); no significant differences were observed among the three groups (all P > 0.05). Non-technical skill scores in all groups improved significantly at T1 compared to T0 (P < 0.05), and Groups M and SM had generally higher overall non-technical skill scores than Group C (P < 0.05). For self-confidence and satisfaction, Groups M and SM scored higher than Group C in "this mode can stimulate my interest" (P < 0.05). Temporal trends of technical and non-technical skills varied among groups, but all indicated a consistent decline at T5, indicating reduced memory retention.
Conclusion: Both computer simulator training and high-fidelity mannequin-based scenario simulation effectively improve novice clinicians' ACLS technical and non-technical skills, though scenario simulation is more advantageous for enhancing non-technical skills. Thus, computers can complement scenario simulators in ACLS training. ACLS training effectiveness appears to decline over time, with notable reductions in knowledge retention and test scores observed at 12 months, which supports the necessity of annual retraining.
Trial Registration: The study was retrospectively registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT05001659) on June 23, 2021.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (Approval No: IRB2021-WZ-005), and was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration No: NCT05001659) on June 23, 2021. We confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (such as the Declaration of Helsinki).Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
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Grant Information: 82072150 National Natural Science Foundation of China; TJYXZDXK-036A Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training; Anesthesiology novice clinicians; Computer simulation; High-fidelity mannequin simulation
Molecular Sequence: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05001659
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260703 Date Completed: 20260924 Latest Revision: 20260925
Update Code: 20260925
PubMed Central ID: PMC13599180
DOI: 10.1186/s12871-026-04080-8
PMID: 42399747
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Prospective randomized controlled trial of computer simulation versus high-fidelity mannequin simulation in advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training for anesthesiology novice clinicians.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Yu+J%22&quot;&gt;Yu J&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Wang+Q%22&quot;&gt;Wang Q&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Yin+L%22&quot;&gt;Yin L&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Yuan+F%22&quot;&gt;Yuan F&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Kan+Y%22&quot;&gt;Kan Y&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Wang+Z%22&quot;&gt;Wang Z&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Yu+Y%22&quot;&gt;Yu Y&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Li+Q%22&quot;&gt;Li Q&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. anelivea@126.com.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. anelivea@126.com.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AU&quot; term=&quot;%22Yu+Y%22&quot;&gt;Yu Y&lt;/searchLink&gt;; Department of Anesthesia, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 Anshan Road, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. yyu77@tmu.edu.cn.; Tianjin Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin, 300052, P.R. China. yyu77@tmu.edu.cn.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Traditionally, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training programs have relied heavily on paper-based instructional materials and multimedia theoretical presentations. This study conducts the inaugural comparative analysis of the effectiveness of high-fidelity mannequin simulators versus computer simulators in ACLS training for anesthesiology novice clinicians. Additionally, it aims to identify an optimal training cycle for ACLS.&lt;br /&gt;Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study included 62 participants, 30 first-year residents and 32 interns from 2020-2021, who were randomly divided into three groups: the computer simulator group (Group C), the high-fidelity mannequin group (Group M), and the combined computer-mannequin group (Group SM). Baseline (T0) and immediate post-training (T1) assessments were performed, covering technical skills, non-technical skills, and self-confidence and satisfaction. Group performance, CPR initiation time, and defibrillation time were analyzed. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (T2-T5) to identify the optimal ACLS training interval.&lt;br /&gt;Results: Groups C, M, and SM showed significant improvements in technical skills at T1 versus T0 (P &amp;lt; 0.05), with higher megacode scores and reduced times to initiate CPR and defibrillation at T1 (all P &amp;lt; 0.05); no significant differences were observed among the three groups (all P &amp;gt; 0.05). Non-technical skill scores in all groups improved significantly at T1 compared to T0 (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and Groups M and SM had generally higher overall non-technical skill scores than Group C (P &amp;lt; 0.05). For self-confidence and satisfaction, Groups M and SM scored higher than Group C in &quot;this mode can stimulate my interest&quot; (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Temporal trends of technical and non-technical skills varied among groups, but all indicated a consistent decline at T5, indicating reduced memory retention.&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: Both computer simulator training and high-fidelity mannequin-based scenario simulation effectively improve novice clinicians&#39; ACLS technical and non-technical skills, though scenario simulation is more advantageous for enhancing non-technical skills. Thus, computers can complement scenario simulators in ACLS training. ACLS training effectiveness appears to decline over time, with notable reductions in knowledge retention and test scores observed at 12 months, which supports the necessity of annual retraining.&lt;br /&gt;Trial Registration: The study was retrospectively registered at the ClinicalTrials.gov(NCT05001659) on June 23, 2021.&lt;br /&gt; (&#169; 2026. The Author(s).)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Tianjin Medical University General Hospital (Approval No: IRB2021-WZ-005), and was retrospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Registration No: NCT05001659) on June 23, 2021. We confirm that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations (such as the Declaration of Helsinki).Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
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– Name: GrantInfo
  Label: Grant Information
  Group: Grant
  Data: 82072150 National Natural Science Foundation of China; TJYXZDXK-036A Tianjin Key Medical Discipline (Specialty) Construction Project
– Name: SubjectMinor
  Label: Contributed Indexing
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Keywords: &lt;/i&gt;Advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training; Anesthesiology novice clinicians; Computer simulation; High-fidelity mannequin simulation
– Name: ChemicalData
  Label: Molecular Sequence
  Group: ChemData
  Data: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05001659
– Name: DateEntry
  Label: Entry Date(s)
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Date Created: &lt;/i&gt;20260703 &lt;i&gt;Date Completed: &lt;/i&gt;20260924 &lt;i&gt;Latest Revision: &lt;/i&gt;20260925
– Name: DateUpdate
  Label: Update Code
  Group: Date
  Data: 20260925
– Name: PubmedCentralID
  Label: PubMed Central ID
  Group: ID
  Data: PMC13599180
– Name: DOI
  Label: DOI
  Group: ID
  Data: 10.1186/s12871-026-04080-8
– Name: AN
  Label: PMID
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  Data: 42399747
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=cmedm&AN=42399747
RecordInfo BibRecord:
  BibEntity:
    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1186/s12871-026-04080-8
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Humans
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prospective Studies
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Clinical Competence
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Male
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Adult
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Internship and Residency
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anesthesiology education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Advanced Cardiac Life Support education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation education
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: High Fidelity Simulation Training methods
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Manikins
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Computer Simulation
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Prospective randomized controlled trial of computer simulation versus high-fidelity mannequin simulation in advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) training for anesthesiology novice clinicians.
        Type: main
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          Dates:
            – D: 04
              M: 07
              Text: 2026 Jul 04
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1471-2253
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            – Type: issue
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          Titles:
            – TitleFull: BMC anesthesiology
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