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Mitigating the inhibition of organic matter to mainstream anammox system via electrolytic-enhanced strategy: Efficacy and underlying mechanisms.

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Title: Mitigating the inhibition of organic matter to mainstream anammox system via electrolytic-enhanced strategy: Efficacy and underlying mechanisms.
Authors: He X; School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China., Lin S; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China., Cao M; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China., Zhang Y; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China., He Q; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China., Zhou J; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China. Electronic address: zhoujiantt@cqu.edu.cn.
Source: Bioresource technology [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Nov; Vol. 460, pp. 135304. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 03.
Publication Type: Journal Article
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9889523 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2976 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09608524 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioresour Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Barking, Essex, England : New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Applied Science ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991-
MeSH Terms: Electrolysis*/methods , Ammonium Compounds*/metabolism , Organic Chemicals* , Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation*, Bioreactors/microbiology ; Wastewater/chemistry ; Nitrogen/isolation & purification ; Water Purification/methods ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Phosphates/isolation & purification ; Biofilms ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Anaerobiosis
Abstract: The organic matter poses a considerable challenge to the stability and broad-scale application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in mainstream wastewater treatment. In this study, an electrolytic-enhanced anammox biofilm reactor (E-ABR) was developed to fortify the resilience of anammox system against inhibition of organic matter. E-ABR demonstrated superior nutrient removal when treating domestic wastewater, achieving a total nitrogen and phosphate removal efficiencies of 83.80 ± 3.70% and 94.17 ± 7.23%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and cell damage detection revealed extensive membrane rupture and intracellular enzyme leakage in ABR. Conversely, the anammox bacteria-denitrifier symbiotic community established under electrolytic conditions could effectively resist the invasion of excessive heterotrophic bacteria under organic shock loads. The electron transfer (ETSA activity increased by 32.26%) and energy synthesis (ATP synthase content increased by 182.37%) were marked enhanced in E-ABR than that of control reactor (ABR). These benefits enabled the maintenance of an NH4+-N removal efficiency of 82.11% in E-ABR, in stark contrast to the mere 44.46% observed in ABR with an influent C/N ratio of 3.0. This study enhanced the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance to organic inhibition within electrochemical bioaugmented anammox systems, thereby offering novel theoretical underpinnings for the application of anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anammox; Electrolytic-enhance; Inhibition; Municipal wastewater; Organic matter
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Wastewater)
N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
0 (Organic Chemicals)
0 (Ammonium Compounds)
0 (Phosphates)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260703 Date Completed: 20260915 Latest Revision: 20260915
Update Code: 20260915
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135304
PMID: 42398550
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Mitigating the inhibition of organic matter to mainstream anammox system via electrolytic-enhanced strategy: Efficacy and underlying mechanisms.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22He+X%22">He X</searchLink>; School of Architecture and Planning, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Lin+S%22">Lin S</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Cao+M%22">Cao M</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+Y%22">Zhang Y</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22He+Q%22">He Q</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhou+J%22">Zhou J</searchLink>; Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China. Electronic address: zhoujiantt@cqu.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229889523%22">Bioresource technology</searchLink> [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Nov; Vol. 460, pp. 135304. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jul 03.
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  Data: The organic matter poses a considerable challenge to the stability and broad-scale application of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process in mainstream wastewater treatment. In this study, an electrolytic-enhanced anammox biofilm reactor (E-ABR) was developed to fortify the resilience of anammox system against inhibition of organic matter. E-ABR demonstrated superior nutrient removal when treating domestic wastewater, achieving a total nitrogen and phosphate removal efficiencies of 83.80 ± 3.70% and 94.17 ± 7.23%, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy and cell damage detection revealed extensive membrane rupture and intracellular enzyme leakage in ABR. Conversely, the anammox bacteria-denitrifier symbiotic community established under electrolytic conditions could effectively resist the invasion of excessive heterotrophic bacteria under organic shock loads. The electron transfer (ETSA activity increased by 32.26%) and energy synthesis (ATP synthase content increased by 182.37%) were marked enhanced in E-ABR than that of control reactor (ABR). These benefits enabled the maintenance of an NH<subscript>4</subscript><superscript>+</superscript>-N removal efficiency of 82.11% in E-ABR, in stark contrast to the mere 44.46% observed in ABR with an influent C/N ratio of 3.0. This study enhanced the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms underlying resistance to organic inhibition within electrochemical bioaugmented anammox systems, thereby offering novel theoretical underpinnings for the application of anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 135304
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wastewater chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen isolation & purification
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      – TitleFull: Mitigating the inhibition of organic matter to mainstream anammox system via electrolytic-enhanced strategy: Efficacy and underlying mechanisms.
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