Academic Journal
Ras signalling in infectious disease pathology: Mechanisms, tissue damage, and clinical implications.
| Τίτλος: | Ras signalling in infectious disease pathology: Mechanisms, tissue damage, and clinical implications. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Husein A; Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India. Electronic address: atahar100@gmail.com., Jamal A; Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia; Health and Basic Science Research Centre, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: azfarjamal@mu.edu.sa., Ali R; Dept of Dermatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA. Electronic address: rali3@uab.edu., Kamal MA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: ma.kamal@psau.edu.sa., Alqurashi YE; Department of Biology, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: Y.Alqurashi@mu.edu.sa., Nasim A; Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Teaching and Research Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.naseem@ucl.ac.uk., Hussain SA; Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Ad-Diriyah, Riyadh 13713, Saudi Arabia; Research Center, Deanship of Scientific Research and Post-Graduate Studies, Almaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: syhussain@um.edu.sa., Hattiwale HM; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: h.hattiwale@mu.edu.sa. |
| Πηγή: | Pathology, research and practice [Pathol Res Pract] 2026 Oct; Vol. 286, pp. 156609. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 29. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Gustav Fischer Verlag Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 7806109 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1618-0631 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03440338 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Pathol Res Pract Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag Original Publication: Stuttgart, New York, Fischer. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Signal Transduction*/physiology , ras Proteins*/metabolism , Communicable Diseases*/metabolism , Communicable Diseases*/pathology , Host-Pathogen Interactions*, Humans ; Animals |
| Περίληψη: | Ras signalling is an important regulator of cell proliferation, survival, differentiation, and immune responses. Although Ras pathways have been extensively studied in cancer biology, increasing evidence suggests that many pathogens also manipulate Ras-associated signalling networks to support infection, persistence, and immune evasion. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites can alter Ras activity either directly or indirectly through downstream pathways such as MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT. However, activation of ERK or AKT does not always indicate direct Ras involvement, and this distinction remains important in infectious disease research. Recent studies show that pathogens including SARS-CoV-2, Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Leishmania species regulate Ras-associated signalling in ways that contribute not only to pathogen survival but also to inflammation, tissue injury, and disease progression. In several infections, isoform-specific regulation of H-Ras, K-Ras, and N-Ras has also been observed, suggesting distinct roles in immune modulation and pathological outcomes. Dysregulated Ras-associated signalling has been linked to lung injury, liver fibrosis, gastric epithelial damage, granuloma formation, and systemic dissemination of infection. This review summarizes current evidence on the role of Ras signalling in infectious disease pathology, focusing on host-pathogen interactions, isoform-specific regulation, tissue damage, and therapeutic implications. Although Ras signalling represents a promising host-directed target, much of the current evidence remains indirect and requires further pathogen-specific validation. (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier GmbH.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of Competing Interest The authors do not report any conflicts of interest. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Host-directed therapy; Host–pathogen interactions; Infectious diseases; MAPK/ERK; PI3K/AKT; Ras signalling; Tissue damage |
| Substance Nomenclature: | EC 3.6.5.2 (ras Proteins) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260702 Date Completed: 20260812 Latest Revision: 20260812 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.prp.2026.156609 |
| PMID: | 42391723 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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