Academic Journal
Clowning in care: long-term effectiveness of clown visits on residents' affect, resilience, sleep quality and functionality.
| Τίτλος: | Clowning in care: long-term effectiveness of clown visits on residents' affect, resilience, sleep quality and functionality. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Korock L; Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Munketoft 3b, Flensburg, 24937, Germany. laura.korock@uni-flensburg.de., Scheel T; Department of Work and Organisational Psychology, Europa-Universität Flensburg, Munketoft 3b, Flensburg, 24937, Germany. |
| Πηγή: | BMC geriatrics [BMC Geriatr] 2026 Jun 29; Vol. 26 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 29. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: BioMed Central Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 100968548 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1471-2318 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 14712318 NLM ISO Abbreviation: BMC Geriatr Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: London : BioMed Central, [2001]- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Affect*/physiology , Laughter Therapy*/methods , Laughter Therapy*/psychology , Wit and Humor as Topic*/psychology , Resilience, Psychological* , Sleep Quality*, Long-Term Care/methods ; Long-Term Care/psychology ; Nursing Home Residents/psychology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Female ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aged |
| Περίληψη: | Background: Clown visits are increasingly used as psychosocial interventions in long-term care settings. However, existing evidence is predominantly qualitative and/or short-term, with a lack of controlled longitudinal studies examining effects across affective, resilience-related, sleep-related, and functional outcomes. Moreover, the role of individual-based visit frequency remains largely unexplored. Methods: This longitudinal controlled field study examined the effects of clown visits over two years in four long-term care facilities in Eastern Germany. The intervention group comprised n Results: After one year, residents receiving clown visits showed more favourable developments in sleep-related outcomes and depressive mood than the control group. After two years, the declines in positive mood and resilience were significantly less pronounced in the intervention group. No consistent effects emerged for other functional domains, and visit frequency did not moderate longitudinal change. Exploratory analyses indicated that, within individuals, higher visit frequency was associated with greater self-care difficulties, disorientation, withdrawal, lower resilience, and higher daytime sleepiness; between individuals, it was linked to higher disorientation, positive affect, and lower negative affect. Conclusion: Clown visits showed time-specific benefits for residents' mood, sleep quality, and resilience - without adverse effects. Their contribution appears to lie particularly in supporting residents' emotional well-being and sustaining resilience over time, rather than broadly altering functional trajectories. The pattern of visit frequency underscores an adaptive delivery aligned with residents' psychosocial and functional needs, highlighting clown visits as a flexible, context-sensitive intervention embedded in everyday care. As such, clown visits may contribute to preventive care and supportive emotional climate in long-term care, with potential benefits for nursing practice. Trial Registration: Not applicable. (© 2026. The Author(s).) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the German Psychological Society (DGPs; reference number: ScheelTabea2022-07-04VADM) and conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from the residents’ legal representatives prior to participation. Whenever possible, residents also provided informed consent themselves. Residents and their relatives received written information about the study aims and procedures, the voluntary nature of participation, data anonymity and protection, and their right to withdraw from the study at any time without any negative consequences. Consent for publication: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. |
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Front Psychiatry. 2025;16:1556932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1556932 . (PMID: 10.3389/fpsyt.2025.15569324043317112106319) |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Affect; Functional outcomes; Humour-based intervention; Long-term care; Resilience; Sleep quality; Therapeutic clowning |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260629 Date Completed: 20260701 Latest Revision: 20260726 |
| Update Code: | 20260726 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13317234 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12877-026-07874-0 |
| PMID: | 42374264 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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