Academic Journal
Leveraging mutagenesis for enhanced enzymatic output: Detergent-stable α-amylase and lipase co-production by Bacillus subtilis on kitchen waste.
| Τίτλος: | Leveraging mutagenesis for enhanced enzymatic output: Detergent-stable α-amylase and lipase co-production by Bacillus subtilis on kitchen waste. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Aslam A; Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. Electronic address: aqsaaslam003@gmail.com., Raza JA; Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. Electronic address: Junaidahmad7773@gmail.com., Andaleeb H; Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. Electronic address: hina.andleeb@bzu.edu.pk., Ahmed S; Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. Electronic address: sibtain@bzu.edu.pk., Waseem SMY; Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan. Electronic address: shmyahyawaseem@gmail.com. |
| Πηγή: | International journal of biological macromolecules [Int J Biol Macromol] 2026 Sep; Vol. 374, pp. 153242. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 27. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 7909578 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1879-0003 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 01418130 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Biol Macromol Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Amsterdam : Elsevier Original Publication: Guildford, Eng., IPC Science and Technology Press. |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Bacillus subtilis*/genetics , Bacillus subtilis*/enzymology , Bacillus subtilis*/metabolism , Lipase*/biosynthesis , Lipase*/genetics , Lipase*/chemistry , alpha-Amylases*/biosynthesis , alpha-Amylases*/genetics , alpha-Amylases*/chemistry , Detergents*/chemistry , Detergents*/pharmacology , Mutagenesis*, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Enzyme Stability ; Fermentation ; Temperature ; Food Loss and Waste |
| Περίληψη: | The sustainable bioproduction of industrial enzymes from low-cost substrates is a primary objective for circular bioeconomy strategies. This study reports the development of a strain of Bacillus subtilis via strain improvement that is capable of producing both α-amylase and lipase simultaneously from kitchen waste. The bacterium was subjected to EMS mutagenesis to improve its natural secretory potential, and a mutant named Bacillus subtilis 250 was selected based on its concurrent overproduction of both enzymes in a medium containing kitchen waste. Leftover fries and used vegetable oil were identified as major drivers for α-amylase and lipase, respectively. Fermentation conditions were sequentially optimized using One-Factor-At-a-Time (OFAT) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), resulting in 1.53- and 1.45-fold increases in α-amylase and lipase activities, reaching final yields of 89.4 IU/ml and 74.1 IU/ml, respectively. The partially purified enzyme preparations exhibited apparent optimal activity at pH 7 and 50 °C for α-amylase, and pH 7 and 60 °C for lipase, with considerable activity under alkaline and high-temperature conditions. Both enzymes retain prominent residual activities when incubated with commercial detergents, surfactants, metal ions and additives showcasing their compatibility and industrial stability. This work establishes Bacillus subtilis as a versatile biocatalytic platform for the simultaneous valorization of food waste into industrially relevant amylase and lipase. (Copyright © 2026. Published by Elsevier B.V.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Alpha-amylase; Bacillus subtilis; Biodetergent; Food wastes; Kitchen wastes; Lipase; Mutagenesis; Process optimization; Strain improvement |
| Substance Nomenclature: | EC 3.1.1.3 (Lipase) EC 3.2.1.1 (alpha-Amylases) 0 (Detergents) 0 (Food Loss and Waste) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260627 Date Completed: 20260821 Latest Revision: 20260821 |
| Update Code: | 20260821 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.153242 |
| PMID: | 42364749 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
| ISSN: | 1879-0003 |
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| DOI: | 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2026.153242 |