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Functional genes with their expression and horizontal gene transfer drive microbial interactions in anammox systems: Critical review and potential applications.

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Τίτλος: Functional genes with their expression and horizontal gene transfer drive microbial interactions in anammox systems: Critical review and potential applications.
Συγγραφείς: Wen J; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China., Zhang X; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China., Zhang X; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China., Wu P; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China. Electronic address: wupengniu@126.com.
Πηγή: Bioresource technology [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Nov; Vol. 459, pp. 135245. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 26.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article; Review
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9889523 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-2976 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09608524 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Bioresour Technol Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Barking, Essex, England : New York, N.Y. : Elsevier Applied Science ; Elsevier Science Pub. Co., 1991-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Gene Transfer, Horizontal*/genetics , Microbial Interactions*/genetics , Bacteria*/genetics , Bacteria*/metabolism , Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation*/genetics , Genes, Bacterial*, Nitrogen/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction
Περίληψη: The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, a low-carbon and energy-efficient biological nitrogen removal technology, is crucial for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy self-sufficiency. However, its performance stability is influenced by complex microbial interactions, and the gene-level mechanisms, particularly horizontal gene transfer (HGT), remain underexplored. This review comprehensively examines the interactions between anammox bacteria and their syntrophic partners, focusing on the functional genes involved in substrate degradation, electron transfer, cofactor biosynthesis, and quorum sensing (QS). These interactions form a network that supports wastewater treatment and system stability under external disturbances. Additionally, HGT mediated by bacteriophages, plasmids, transposons, and integrons reshapes anammox bacterial genomes, enhancing environmental adaptability, and promoting dynamic coexistence through competition and cross-feeding. This results in improved and stabilized nitrogen removal efficiency at the system level. A new paradigm is proposed, integrating multi-omics analysis with global bioinformatics and generative artificial intelligence to uncover the links between genetic activities and process performance. The review, by summarizing microbial interactions, functional genes, and HGT mechanisms in the anammox process under multi-omics analysis, is significance for improving system's nitrogen removal efficiency and system stability, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing and regulating the process.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Anammox; Functional genes; Horizontal gene transfer; Microbial interactions; Mobile genetic elements; Nitrogen removal
Substance Nomenclature: N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260626 Date Completed: 20260821 Latest Revision: 20260821
Update Code: 20260821
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135245
PMID: 42361922
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Functional genes with their expression and horizontal gene transfer drive microbial interactions in anammox systems: Critical review and potential applications.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wen+J%22">Wen J</searchLink>; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+X%22">Zhang X</searchLink>; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+X%22">Zhang X</searchLink>; Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wu+P%22">Wu P</searchLink>; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, PR China. Electronic address: wupengniu@126.com.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%229889523%22">Bioresource technology</searchLink> [Bioresour Technol] 2026 Nov; Vol. 459, pp. 135245. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 26.
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process, a low-carbon and energy-efficient biological nitrogen removal technology, is crucial for sustainable wastewater treatment and energy self-sufficiency. However, its performance stability is influenced by complex microbial interactions, and the gene-level mechanisms, particularly horizontal gene transfer (HGT), remain underexplored. This review comprehensively examines the interactions between anammox bacteria and their syntrophic partners, focusing on the functional genes involved in substrate degradation, electron transfer, cofactor biosynthesis, and quorum sensing (QS). These interactions form a network that supports wastewater treatment and system stability under external disturbances. Additionally, HGT mediated by bacteriophages, plasmids, transposons, and integrons reshapes anammox bacterial genomes, enhancing environmental adaptability, and promoting dynamic coexistence through competition and cross-feeding. This results in improved and stabilized nitrogen removal efficiency at the system level. A new paradigm is proposed, integrating multi-omics analysis with global bioinformatics and generative artificial intelligence to uncover the links between genetic activities and process performance. The review, by summarizing microbial interactions, functional genes, and HGT mechanisms in the anammox process under multi-omics analysis, is significance for improving system's nitrogen removal efficiency and system stability, and provides a theoretical basis for optimizing and regulating the process.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Anammox; Functional genes; Horizontal gene transfer; Microbial interactions; Mobile genetic elements; Nitrogen removal
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  Data: N762921K75 (Nitrogen)
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 135245
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oxidation-Reduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Gene Transfer, Horizontal genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microbial Interactions genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Bacteria genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Bacteria metabolism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation genetics
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      – SubjectFull: Genes, Bacterial
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Functional genes with their expression and horizontal gene transfer drive microbial interactions in anammox systems: Critical review and potential applications.
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