Academic Journal
Early visual processing in adults with ADHD: evidence from contrast sensitivity, spatial integration, and external noise.
| Τίτλος: | Early visual processing in adults with ADHD: evidence from contrast sensitivity, spatial integration, and external noise. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | Ifrah-Tsruya H; School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Israel., Lev M; School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Israel., Polat U; School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Israel. Electronic address: uri.polat@biu.ac.il. |
| Πηγή: | Vision research [Vision Res] 2026 Sep; Vol. 246, pp. 108867. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 25. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Elsevier Science Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0417402 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1878-5646 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00426989 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Vision Res Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Publication: Kidlington, Oxford : Elsevier Science Ltd. Original Publication: Oxford [etc.] |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Contrast Sensitivity*/physiology , Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity*/physiopathology , Visual Perception*/physiology , Space Perception*/physiology, Photic Stimulation/methods ; Sensory Thresholds/physiology ; Humans ; Adult ; Female ; Male ; Young Adult ; Analysis of Variance ; Noise |
| Περίληψη: | Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is typically conceptualized as a disorder of executive control; however, accumulating evidence suggests that early sensory processing may also be atypical. The present study examined contrast sensitivity (CS) and noise processing in a sample of 45 adults (21 with ADHD and 24 neurotypical controls). In Experiment 1, foveal CS was measured across spatial frequencies (4-12 cpd) using standard-size targets presented at stimulus durations of 40 and 80 ms. A three-way ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of group, indicating overall lower contrast sensitivity in the ADHD group, but no significant interactions between Group, Spatial Frequency, and Stimulus Duration. To examine the effect of stimulus size, an enlarged stimulus condition was introduced at the highest spatial frequency (12 cpd). At the 40 ms duration, a significant Group × Stimulus Size interaction suggested reduced spatial integration in the ADHD group, with controls showing greater improvement when stimulus size increased. At 80 ms, this interaction was not significant, although the main effect of group remained present. In Experiment 2, perceptual noise exclusion was assessed; overall performance did not significantly differ between groups across noise levels and stimulus durations. Together, these findings suggest that visual differences in ADHD are selective, emerging primarily under conditions requiring efficient integration of high spatial frequency information at short stimulus durations, while robust group differences in external noise exclusion were not detected. (Copyright © 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: ADHD; Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; Contrast sensitivity; Noise; Spatial integration; Visual processing |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260625 Date Completed: 20260722 Latest Revision: 20260722 |
| Update Code: | 20260723 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.visres.2026.108867 |
| PMID: | 42349229 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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