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Predictive processing in time perception: Assessing prediction error minimization in the sub-second range.

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Τίτλος: Predictive processing in time perception: Assessing prediction error minimization in the sub-second range.
Συγγραφείς: Uraguchi M; Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan. uraguchi.maki.w1@f.mail.nagoya-u.ac.jp., Ohira H; Department of Psychology, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Furo-Cho, Chikusa-Ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.
Πηγή: Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience [Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci] 2026 Oct; Vol. 26 (5), pp. 2035-2056. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 24.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Springer Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101083946 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1531-135X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15307026 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: 2011- : New York : Springer
Original Publication: Austin, TX : Psychonomic Society, c2001-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Time Perception*/physiology , Generalization, Psychological*/physiology, Humans ; Young Adult ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Time Factors
Περίληψη: The predictive processing theory proposes that minimization of prediction error is a governing principle of perception, learning, and behavior, yet few studies have directly tested this hypothesis in time perception. We operationalized prediction error minimization as updating of an internal temporal reference and examined whether reference updating follows the direction required to reduce systematic prediction error. Across two experiments, 60 university students (Experiment 1) and 359 adults from a broader age range (Experiment 2) performed a temporal generalization task. Reference updating was assessed from changes in distributional asymmetry and peak shifts of temporal generalization gradients. This dissociated reference updating from possible perceptual bias that would alter gradient steepness without shifting the peak. In Experiment 1, frequent presentation of longer or shorter durations produced expected directional shifts of the internal temporal reference. In Experiment 2, consistent directional shifts emerged only when prediction error was sufficiently large, whereas smaller prediction error failed to induce reliable shifts. Together, these findings demonstrate that internal temporal reference updating in sub-second range time perception depends on the direction and magnitude of prediction error, providing a direct behavioral test of the prediction error minimization hypothesis.
(© 2026. The Author(s).)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflicts of interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nagoya University (Approval No. NUPSY-190522-G-01; NUPSY-250127-G-01). Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study. Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all participants regarding publishing their data. Open practices statements: Data or materials for the experiments are available upon request, and no experiments were preregistered.
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Grant Information: JPMJCR21P1 Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Prediction error minimization; Prediction updating; Predictive processing; Temporal generalization; Time perception
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260624 Date Completed: 20260926 Latest Revision: 20260928
Update Code: 20260928
PubMed Central ID: PMC13615093
DOI: 10.3758/s13415-026-01471-9
PMID: 42343041
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
Περιγραφή
ISSN:1531-135X
DOI:10.3758/s13415-026-01471-9