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Deep eutectic solvent-based green extraction and antioxidant evaluation of polyphenols from Malus coronaria crabapple fruits.

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Title: Deep eutectic solvent-based green extraction and antioxidant evaluation of polyphenols from Malus coronaria crabapple fruits.
Authors: Wang S; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Sun Q; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Bai Y; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Wang J; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Bi W; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Zhang D; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Han W; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China., Ning C; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: ningchong@lnu.edu.cn., Guo C; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: guochongting@lnu.edu.cn., Li W; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: liweixuan@lnu.edu.cn., Hu F; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: hfqing@lnu.edu.cn., Tan C; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: tanchang@lnu.edu.cn.
Source: Food chemistry [Food Chem] 2026 Sep 15; Vol. 523, pp. 150043. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 15.
Publication Type: Journal Article; Evaluation Study
Language: English
Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7702639 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7072 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03088146 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Chem Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers
Original Publication: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers.
MeSH Terms: Polyphenols*/isolation & purification , Polyphenols*/chemistry , Antioxidants*/isolation & purification , Antioxidants*/chemistry , Plant Extracts*/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts*/chemistry , Green Chemistry Technology*/methods , Green Chemistry Technology*/instrumentation , Malus*/chemistry , Chemical Fractionation*/methods , Chemical Fractionation*/instrumentation, Fruit/chemistry ; Deep Eutectic Solvents/chemistry
Abstract: Malus coronaria crabapple is a widely cultivated plant worldwide. This study optimized a green extraction process for polyphenols from M. coronaria crabapple fruits (MAPp) using deep eutectic solvents (DES) and evaluated their chemical composition and antioxidant properties. A DES system based on chlorocitrate-acetic acid (1:3) was optimized through single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken design. Under the optimal conditions (56.9% water content, 46 min extraction time, and 42 °C extraction temperature), the polyphenol yield reached 116.48 ± 0.13 mg GAE·g-1 DW, significantly exceeding that of traditional solvents. LC-MS analysis was conducted for six polyphenolic compounds: phloridzin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid. Polyphenolic substances were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. MAPp exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant capacity. Simulated digestion showed partial recovery of antioxidant activity after digestion. Overall, this study provides a green extraction strategy for plant polyphenols and highlights the antioxidant potential of MAPp.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Deep eutectic solvent; Green extraction; Malus coronaria; PC12 cells; Polyphenols
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Polyphenols)
0 (Antioxidants)
0 (Plant Extracts)
0 (Deep Eutectic Solvents)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260622 Date Completed: 20260807 Latest Revision: 20260807
Update Code: 20260807
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.150043
PMID: 42330645
Database: MEDLINE
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  Data: Deep eutectic solvent-based green extraction and antioxidant evaluation of polyphenols from Malus coronaria crabapple fruits.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+S%22">Wang S</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Sun+Q%22">Sun Q</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bai+Y%22">Bai Y</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+J%22">Wang J</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bi+W%22">Bi W</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhang+D%22">Zhang D</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Han+W%22">Han W</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ning+C%22">Ning C</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: ningchong@lnu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Guo+C%22">Guo C</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: guochongting@lnu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+W%22">Li W</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: liweixuan@lnu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Hu+F%22">Hu F</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: hfqing@lnu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tan+C%22">Tan C</searchLink>; College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, PR China. Electronic address: tanchang@lnu.edu.cn.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227702639%22">Food chemistry</searchLink> [Food Chem] 2026 Sep 15; Vol. 523, pp. 150043. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 15.
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  Data: <i>Publisher: </i><searchLink fieldCode="PB" term="%22Elsevier+Applied+Science+Publishers%22">Elsevier Applied Science Publishers </searchLink><i>Country of Publication: </i>England <i>NLM ID: </i>7702639 <i>Publication Model: </i>Print-Electronic <i>Cited Medium: </i>Internet <i>ISSN: </i>1873-7072 (Electronic) <i>Linking ISSN: </i><searchLink fieldCode="IS" term="%2203088146%22">03088146 </searchLink><i>NLM ISO Abbreviation: </i>Food Chem <i>Subsets: </i>MEDLINE
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  Data: <i>Publication</i>: Barking : Elsevier Applied Science Publishers<br /><i>Original Publication</i>: Barking, Eng., Applied Science Publishers.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyphenols%22">Polyphenols*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyphenols+isolation+%26+purification%22">isolation & purification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyphenols%22">Polyphenols*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Polyphenols+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants%22">Antioxidants*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants+isolation+%26+purification%22">isolation & purification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants%22">Antioxidants*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Antioxidants+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Plant+Extracts%22">Plant Extracts*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Plant+Extracts+isolation+%26+purification%22">isolation & purification</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Plant+Extracts%22">Plant Extracts*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Plant+Extracts+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Green+Chemistry+Technology%22">Green Chemistry Technology*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Green+Chemistry+Technology+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Green+Chemistry+Technology%22">Green Chemistry Technology*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Green+Chemistry+Technology+instrumentation%22">instrumentation</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Malus%22">Malus*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Malus+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chemical+Fractionation%22">Chemical Fractionation*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chemical+Fractionation+methods%22">methods</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chemical+Fractionation%22">Chemical Fractionation*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Chemical+Fractionation+instrumentation%22">instrumentation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Fruit%22">Fruit</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Fruit+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink> ; <searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Deep+Eutectic+Solvents%22">Deep Eutectic Solvents</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Deep+Eutectic+Solvents+chemistry%22">chemistry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Malus coronaria crabapple is a widely cultivated plant worldwide. This study optimized a green extraction process for polyphenols from M. coronaria crabapple fruits (MAPp) using deep eutectic solvents (DES) and evaluated their chemical composition and antioxidant properties. A DES system based on chlorocitrate-acetic acid (1:3) was optimized through single-factor experiments and the Box-Behnken design. Under the optimal conditions (56.9% water content, 46 min extraction time, and 42 °C extraction temperature), the polyphenol yield reached 116.48 ± 0.13 mg GAE·g<superscript>-1</superscript> DW, significantly exceeding that of traditional solvents. LC-MS analysis was conducted for six polyphenolic compounds: phloridzin, catechin, chlorogenic acid, quercetin, rutin, and gallic acid. Polyphenolic substances were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. MAPp exhibited strong in vitro antioxidant capacity. Simulated digestion showed partial recovery of antioxidant activity after digestion. Overall, this study provides a green extraction strategy for plant polyphenols and highlights the antioxidant potential of MAPp.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Antioxidant activity; Deep eutectic solvent; Green extraction; Malus coronaria; PC12 cells; Polyphenols
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  Data: 0 (Polyphenols)<br />0 (Antioxidants)<br />0 (Plant Extracts)<br />0 (Deep Eutectic Solvents)
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        Text: English
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        StartPage: 150043
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      – SubjectFull: Fruit chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Deep Eutectic Solvents chemistry
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