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Distribution of radon concentrations on the ground floor of schools and kindergartens.

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Τίτλος: Distribution of radon concentrations on the ground floor of schools and kindergartens.
Συγγραφείς: Vukotić P; Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, R. Stijovića 5, Podgorica, Montenegro., Benšić M; School of Applied Mathematics and Informatics, University of Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, Osijek, Croatia., Radolić V; Department of Physics, University of Osijek, Trg Ljudevita Gaja 6, Osijek, Croatia. Electronic address: vanja@fizika.unios.hr.
Πηγή: Applied radiation and isotopes : including data, instrumentation and methods for use in agriculture, industry and medicine [Appl Radiat Isot] 2026 Oct; Vol. 236, pp. 112760. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 17.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Pergamon Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 9306253 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-9800 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09698043 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Appl Radiat Isot Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Oxford ; New York : Pergamon Press, c1993-
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Radon*/analysis , Schools*/statistics & numerical data , Air Pollution, Indoor*/analysis , Air Pollutants, Radioactive*/analysis , Radiation Monitoring*/statistics & numerical data , Radiation Monitoring*/methods, Montenegro ; Child, Preschool ; Humans
Περίληψη: Integrated nine-month radon measurements conducted using passive track-etched detectors in 2771 rooms on the ground floor of 461 public school and kindergarten buildings in Montenegro, showed relatively high radon activity concentrations, with some buildings and rooms exhibiting extremely high levels. The Shapiro-Wilk statistical test confirms that the distribution of 461 arithmetic mean values of radon activity concentrations on the ground floors of these public buildings follow a log-normal distribution. However, this test rejects the hypothesis that radon activity concentrations in the 2771 sampled rooms follow the log-normal distribution. Forty-four school and kindergarten buildings contain between 15 and 30 ground-floor rooms in which radon was measured, making them suitable for analyzing the distribution type of radon activity concentrations individually. The Shapiro-Wilk (S-W) test (α = 0.05) rejects the assumed normal distribution of radon concentrations on the ground floor in 23 of these 44 buildings, as well as the log-normal distribution in 9 buildings. The Anderson-Darling (A-D) test (α = 0.05) does not reject the hypothesis that the distribution of radon activity concentrations on the ground floor in each of 44 buildings can be represented by a log-logistic distribution. A direct comparison of the p-values from the S-W test (for the log-normal) and the A-D test (for the log-logistic distribution) is not possible. Therefore, a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test was applied to compare the log-normal and log-logistic distribution, showing that the log-logistic distribution provided a better fit than the log-normal in five more cases. The success rate of fitting radon activity concentrations data from the ground floors of 44 larger school and kindergarten buildings was 88.6% for the log-logistic distribution, 79.5% for log-normal and 47.7% for the normal distribution.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: All coauthors of the paper reports financial support was provided by Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Indoor radon; Log-normal and log-logistic distribution; Normal; Schools and kindergartens
Substance Nomenclature: Q74S4N8N1G (Radon)
0 (Air Pollutants, Radioactive)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260620 Date Completed: 20260716 Latest Revision: 20260716
Update Code: 20260717
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2026.112760
PMID: 42322741
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Integrated nine-month radon measurements conducted using passive track-etched detectors in 2771 rooms on the ground floor of 461 public school and kindergarten buildings in Montenegro, showed relatively high radon activity concentrations, with some buildings and rooms exhibiting extremely high levels. The Shapiro-Wilk statistical test confirms that the distribution of 461 arithmetic mean values of radon activity concentrations on the ground floors of these public buildings follow a log-normal distribution. However, this test rejects the hypothesis that radon activity concentrations in the 2771 sampled rooms follow the log-normal distribution. Forty-four school and kindergarten buildings contain between 15 and 30 ground-floor rooms in which radon was measured, making them suitable for analyzing the distribution type of radon activity concentrations individually. The Shapiro-Wilk (S-W) test (α = 0.05) rejects the assumed normal distribution of radon concentrations on the ground floor in 23 of these 44 buildings, as well as the log-normal distribution in 9 buildings. The Anderson-Darling (A-D) test (α = 0.05) does not reject the hypothesis that the distribution of radon activity concentrations on the ground floor in each of 44 buildings can be represented by a log-logistic distribution. A direct comparison of the p-values from the S-W test (for the log-normal) and the A-D test (for the log-logistic distribution) is not possible. Therefore, a generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test was applied to compare the log-normal and log-logistic distribution, showing that the log-logistic distribution provided a better fit than the log-normal in five more cases. The success rate of fitting radon activity concentrations data from the ground floors of 44 larger school and kindergarten buildings was 88.6% for the log-logistic distribution, 79.5% for log-normal and 47.7% for the normal distribution.<br /> (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
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  Data: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: All coauthors of the paper reports financial support was provided by Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts.
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