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Yam glycoprotein mediated the immunomodulation of macrophages by targeting TLR4.

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Τίτλος: Yam glycoprotein mediated the immunomodulation of macrophages by targeting TLR4.
Συγγραφείς: Luo Y; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Wang S; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Liu L; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Zhu R; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Wang X; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Ma Y; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Song H; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Wen S; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Li L; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Xia S; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China., Li W; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China. liwf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn., Niu X; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China. niuxf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Molecular biology reports [Mol Biol Rep] 2026 Jun 18; Vol. 53 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 18.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Reidel Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0403234 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1573-4978 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03014851 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Biol Rep Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Dordrecht, Boston, Reidel.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Macrophages*/drug effects , Macrophages*/immunology , Macrophages*/metabolism , Toll-Like Receptor 4*/metabolism , Dioscorea*/chemistry , Dioscorea*/metabolism , Immunomodulation*/drug effects , Glycoproteins*/pharmacology , Glycoproteins*/metabolism , Plant Proteins*/pharmacology, Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; NF-kappa B/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacology ; Animals ; Mice ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Toll-Like Receptor Agonists
Περίληψη: Background: Yam is a medicinal plant and previous studies have demonstrated that the yam glycoprotein (GLP1) possessed immunomodulatory bioactivity. However, how GLP1 exerted immunomodulatory effect and the molecular mechanism is unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the immunoregulation of GLP1 on macrophages are examined.
Methods and Results: The composition of GLP1 was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The activity of macrophages was detected, and the effects of GLP1 on macrophages were studied using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting. Results indicated that GLP1, as a biomolecule, contained abundant monosaccharides and possessed O-glycopeptide bonds. GLP1 bound to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and was internalized by macrophages via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), thereby exerting its immunomodulatory effects. Further experimental studies revealed that GLP1 promoted RAW264.7 cells proliferation by advancing cells from G0/G1 phase to S phase. Additionally, GLP1 stimulated the secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria and induced macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype.
Conclusion: GLP1 is a functional protein and has the capacity to regulate macrophages immune responses via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The findings highlighted the potential of GLP1 might as a dietary immunostimulant at the molecular level.
(© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
References: Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jul 21;12:693298. (PMID: 34366849)
Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Apr;81:106024. (PMID: 31784404)
Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023 May 22;8(1):207. (PMID: 37211559)
Bioact Mater. 2021 Jun 20;7:47-72. (PMID: 34466716)
Carbohydr Polym. 2020 Jun 1;237:116188. (PMID: 32241403)
Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Apr;66:14-22. (PMID: 24447977)
J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Apr 7;52(7):1945-9. (PMID: 15053534)
Redox Biol. 2023 Nov;67:102926. (PMID: 37871533)
Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 May 20;152:116-141. (PMID: 32156524)
Food Chem. 2022 Apr 16;374:131586. (PMID: 34839969)
Cell Biochem Funct. 2009 Jul;27(5):316-22. (PMID: 19548268)
Cell. 2022 Aug 18;185(17):3214-3231.e23. (PMID: 35907404)
Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020 Feb 06;7(6):1902599. (PMID: 32195086)
Front Public Health. 2016 Jun 16;4:125. (PMID: 27379227)
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Jul;21(7):363-383. (PMID: 32231263)
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Jan 21;14:36. (PMID: 24447776)
Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Sep 15;292:119683. (PMID: 35725176)
Metab Brain Dis. 2025 Apr 21;40(5):188. (PMID: 40257619)
Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Oct;317(1-2):151-9. (PMID: 18566751)
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Dec 5;263:113223. (PMID: 32791294)
Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Jun 1;209(Pt B):2130-2141. (PMID: 35500775)
Food Chem. 2017 Apr 15;221:919-925. (PMID: 27979295)
Redox Biol. 2020 May;32:101472. (PMID: 32171726)
J Hematol Oncol. 2023 Jul 25;16(1):80. (PMID: 37491279)
Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Apr 1;305:120533. (PMID: 36737186)
Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Mar;2(4):579-89. (PMID: 11962736)
J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Feb 10;338(Pt 1):119013. (PMID: 39481620)
Front Immunol. 2014 Jul 10;5:316. (PMID: 25071777)
Phytother Res. 2017 Oct;31(10):1557-1563. (PMID: 28840617)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Immunomodulation; Macrophages; NF-κB signaling pathway; TLR4; Yam glycoprotein
Substance Nomenclature: 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 4)
0 (Glycoproteins)
0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
0 (NF-kappa B)
0 (Tlr4 protein, mouse)
0 (Immunologic Factors)
0 (Plant Proteins)
0 (Toll-Like Receptor Agonists)
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260618 Date Completed: 20260618 Latest Revision: 20261010
Update Code: 20261010
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-026-12114-0
PMID: 42313284
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  – Url: https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11033-026-12114-0
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  Data: Yam glycoprotein mediated the immunomodulation of macrophages by targeting TLR4.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Luo+Y%22">Luo Y</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+S%22">Wang S</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Liu+L%22">Liu L</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Zhu+R%22">Zhu R</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wang+X%22">Wang X</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Ma+Y%22">Ma Y</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Song+H%22">Song H</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Wen+S%22">Wen S</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+L%22">Li L</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Xia+S%22">Xia S</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Li+W%22">Li W</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China. liwf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Niu+X%22">Niu X</searchLink>; School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 76 Western Yanta Road, Xi'an City, 710061, Shaanxi Province, P.R. China. niuxf@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Yam is a medicinal plant and previous studies have demonstrated that the yam glycoprotein (GLP1) possessed immunomodulatory bioactivity. However, how GLP1 exerted immunomodulatory effect and the molecular mechanism is unclear. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, the immunoregulation of GLP1 on macrophages are examined.<br />Methods and Results: The composition of GLP1 was investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and UV visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis). The activity of macrophages was detected, and the effects of GLP1 on macrophages were studied using immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting. Results indicated that GLP1, as a biomolecule, contained abundant monosaccharides and possessed O-glycopeptide bonds. GLP1 bound to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and was internalized by macrophages via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), thereby exerting its immunomodulatory effects. Further experimental studies revealed that GLP1 promoted RAW264.7 cells proliferation by advancing cells from G0/G1 phase to S phase. Additionally, GLP1 stimulated the secretion of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from mitochondria and induced macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype.<br />Conclusion: GLP1 is a functional protein and has the capacity to regulate macrophages immune responses via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. The findings highlighted the potential of GLP1 might as a dietary immunostimulant at the molecular level.<br /> (© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Competing Interests
  Group: Ab
  Data: Declarations. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
– Name: Ref
  Label: References
  Group: RefInfo
  Data: Front Pharmacol. 2021 Jul 21;12:693298. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234366849%22">34366849)</searchLink><br />Int Immunopharmacol. 2020 Apr;81:106024. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2231784404%22">31784404)</searchLink><br />Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023 May 22;8(1):207. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237211559%22">37211559)</searchLink><br />Bioact Mater. 2021 Jun 20;7:47-72. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234466716%22">34466716)</searchLink><br />Carbohydr Polym. 2020 Jun 1;237:116188. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232241403%22">32241403)</searchLink><br />Food Chem Toxicol. 2014 Apr;66:14-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224447977%22">24447977)</searchLink><br />J Agric Food Chem. 2004 Apr 7;52(7):1945-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2215053534%22">15053534)</searchLink><br />Redox Biol. 2023 Nov;67:102926. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237871533%22">37871533)</searchLink><br />Free Radic Biol Med. 2020 May 20;152:116-141. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232156524%22">32156524)</searchLink><br />Food Chem. 2022 Apr 16;374:131586. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2234839969%22">34839969)</searchLink><br />Cell Biochem Funct. 2009 Jul;27(5):316-22. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2219548268%22">19548268)</searchLink><br />Cell. 2022 Aug 18;185(17):3214-3231.e23. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235907404%22">35907404)</searchLink><br />Adv Sci (Weinh). 2020 Feb 06;7(6):1902599. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232195086%22">32195086)</searchLink><br />Front Public Health. 2016 Jun 16;4:125. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227379227%22">27379227)</searchLink><br />Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020 Jul;21(7):363-383. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232231263%22">32231263)</searchLink><br />BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014 Jan 21;14:36. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2224447776%22">24447776)</searchLink><br />Carbohydr Polym. 2022 Sep 15;292:119683. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235725176%22">35725176)</searchLink><br />Metab Brain Dis. 2025 Apr 21;40(5):188. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2240257619%22">40257619)</searchLink><br />Mol Cell Biochem. 2008 Oct;317(1-2):151-9. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2218566751%22">18566751)</searchLink><br />J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Dec 5;263:113223. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232791294%22">32791294)</searchLink><br />Int J Biol Macromol. 2022 Jun 1;209(Pt B):2130-2141. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2235500775%22">35500775)</searchLink><br />Food Chem. 2017 Apr 15;221:919-925. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2227979295%22">27979295)</searchLink><br />Redox Biol. 2020 May;32:101472. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2232171726%22">32171726)</searchLink><br />J Hematol Oncol. 2023 Jul 25;16(1):80. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2237491279%22">37491279)</searchLink><br />Carbohydr Polym. 2023 Apr 1;305:120533. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2236737186%22">36737186)</searchLink><br />Int Immunopharmacol. 2002 Mar;2(4):579-89. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2211962736%22">11962736)</searchLink><br />J Ethnopharmacol. 2025 Feb 10;338(Pt 1):119013. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2239481620%22">39481620)</searchLink><br />Front Immunol. 2014 Jul 10;5:316. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2225071777%22">25071777)</searchLink><br />Phytother Res. 2017 Oct;31(10):1557-1563. (PMID: <searchLink fieldCode="PM" term="%2228840617%22">28840617)</searchLink>
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            NameFull: Song H
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Wen S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li L
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Xia S
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Li W
      – PersonEntity:
          Name:
            NameFull: Niu X
    IsPartOfRelationships:
      – BibEntity:
          Dates:
            – D: 18
              M: 06
              Text: 2026 Jun 18
              Type: published
              Y: 2026
          Identifiers:
            – Type: issn-electronic
              Value: 1573-4978
          Numbering:
            – Type: volume
              Value: 53
            – Type: issue
              Value: 1
          Titles:
            – TitleFull: Molecular biology reports
              Type: main
ResultId 1