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Fundamental study on the germination, revival of urease activity, and bio-deposition behaviors of Bacillus sphaericus spores for microbial self-healing concrete.

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Τίτλος: Fundamental study on the germination, revival of urease activity, and bio-deposition behaviors of Bacillus sphaericus spores for microbial self-healing concrete.
Συγγραφείς: Hou F; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China., Shen D; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China; General Contracting and Operation Branch, China Communications Construction Corporation, Beijing, 100088, China., Wang J; Department of Civil Engineering, School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China. Electronic address: jianyun.wang@xjtu.edu.cn.
Πηγή: Environmental research [Environ Res] 2026 Sep 01; Vol. 305 (Pt 2), pp. 125075. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 17.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: Elsevier Country of Publication: Netherlands NLM ID: 0147621 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1096-0953 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00139351 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Environ Res Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Publication: <2000- > : Amsterdam : Elsevier
Original Publication: New York, Academic Press.
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Bacillus*/enzymology , Bacillus*/physiology , Urease*/metabolism , Spores, Bacterial*/physiology , Spores, Bacterial*/enzymology , Construction Materials*/microbiology, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Temperature ; Bacillaceae
Περίληψη: Microbial self-healing concrete is an efficient and environmentally friendly technology for enhancing crack repair and durability. However, the initiation and the relationships for spore germination, revival of urease activity and bio-deposition remain unclear, particularly the time interval and synchronization among these processes. This leads to the difficulty in regulating the bio-deposition rate and affects the prediction of product distribution within the cracks. Therefore, to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the microbial self-healing concrete process, an urease-producing bacteria self-healing concrete process of Bacillus sphaericus LMG 22257 was systematically investigated. Results showed that the revival of urease activity was behind (approximately 5-24 h) spore germination, while the revival of urease activity occurred almost simultaneously with the bio-deposition process. The inhibitory effect of high alkalinity (pH 12) and low temperature (10°C) was potentially reversible. When environmental conditions were adjusted to the appropriate range (pH 9 or 28°C), the spores can rapidly regain their activity and restart the bio-deposition process (within 72 h). In contrast, an appropriate concentration of urea (75-900 mM) can significantly accelerate the spore germination. By regulating pH and urea concentration in the crack, the lag phase of spore germination could be shortened, thereby the self-healing efficiency could be enhanced. This discovery provides new regulatory insights and theoretical support for microbial self-healing concrete.
(Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Bio-deposition; Revival of urease activity; Self-healing process; Spore germination; Urease-producing bacteria
Substance Nomenclature: EC 3.5.1.5 (Urease)
SCR Organism: Lysinibacillus sphaericus
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260617 Date Completed: 20260711 Latest Revision: 20260711
Update Code: 20260712
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2026.125075
PMID: 42309421
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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  Data: Microbial self-healing concrete is an efficient and environmentally friendly technology for enhancing crack repair and durability. However, the initiation and the relationships for spore germination, revival of urease activity and bio-deposition remain unclear, particularly the time interval and synchronization among these processes. This leads to the difficulty in regulating the bio-deposition rate and affects the prediction of product distribution within the cracks. Therefore, to provide a more comprehensive analysis of the microbial self-healing concrete process, an urease-producing bacteria self-healing concrete process of Bacillus sphaericus LMG 22257 was systematically investigated. Results showed that the revival of urease activity was behind (approximately 5-24 h) spore germination, while the revival of urease activity occurred almost simultaneously with the bio-deposition process. The inhibitory effect of high alkalinity (pH 12) and low temperature (10&#176;C) was potentially reversible. When environmental conditions were adjusted to the appropriate range (pH 9 or 28&#176;C), the spores can rapidly regain their activity and restart the bio-deposition process (within 72 h). In contrast, an appropriate concentration of urea (75-900 mM) can significantly accelerate the spore germination. By regulating pH and urea concentration in the crack, the lag phase of spore germination could be shortened, thereby the self-healing efficiency could be enhanced. This discovery provides new regulatory insights and theoretical support for microbial self-healing concrete.&lt;br /&gt; (Copyright &#169; 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
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