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Defiance of stable lysogeny reveals hidden infection dynamics of phage Lambda.

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Τίτλος: Defiance of stable lysogeny reveals hidden infection dynamics of phage Lambda.
Συγγραφείς: Broux K; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Bäcker LE; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Oome D; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Baert F; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Vandenborre J; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Schoeters S; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Tran NHL; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Simoens K; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Waldherr S; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria., Bernaerts K; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium., Aertsen A; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
Πηγή: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Jun 23; Vol. 123 (25), pp. e2600726123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 17.
Τύπος έκδοσης: Journal Article
Γλώσσα: English
Στοιχεία περιοδικού: Publisher: National Academy of Sciences Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 7505876 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1091-6490 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00278424 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Subsets: MEDLINE
Imprint Name(s): Original Publication: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): Lysogeny*/genetics , Bacteriophage lambda*/genetics , Bacteriophage lambda*/physiology, Prophages/genetics
Περίληψη: Stable prophage establishment is considered a quintessential response of temperate phages when faced with host cell depletion. Scrutinizing this behavior in model phage λ, however, revealed that many λ-chromosomes avoid stable integration in the host chromosome, and rather assume a nonintegrated prophage-like (or pλ) state inside the cell that keeps expressing CI-based immunity and becomes asymmetrically segregated. This creates a heterogeneous population of host cells that are either i) immune by stably carrying an integrated λ prophage, ii) immune by carrying a pλ-episome, or iii) λ-free and transiently immune by segregating from a pλ-carrier. Superinfection of these immune cells drains the number of λ-virions and creates more pλ-episomes that prolong the immunity and expansion of the λ-free subpopulation. The subsequent decline in λ-virions causes cytoplasmically inherited CI-levels in λ-free siblings to dilute out, poising them for renewed lytic consumption by λ. These overlooked pλ-dynamics attenuate the importance of prophage establishment and permit a more productive phage-host coexistence.
Competing Interests: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.
Grant Information: 11Q4T24N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); 11H0323N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); G0C5322N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); C14/20/087 Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (Research Council, KU Leuven)
Contributed Indexing: Keywords: Escherichia coli; Lambda; infection dynamics; temperate phage
Entry Date(s): Date Created: 20260617 Date Completed: 20260617 Latest Revision: 20260726
Update Code: 20260726
PubMed Central ID: PMC13291595
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2600726123
PMID: 42308043
Βάση Δεδομένων: MEDLINE
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PubType: Academic Journal
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  Data: Defiance of stable lysogeny reveals hidden infection dynamics of phage Lambda.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Broux+K%22">Broux K</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bäcker+LE%22">Bäcker LE</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Oome+D%22">Oome D</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Baert+F%22">Baert F</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Vandenborre+J%22">Vandenborre J</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Schoeters+S%22">Schoeters S</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Tran+NHL%22">Tran NHL</searchLink>; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Simoens+K%22">Simoens K</searchLink>; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Waldherr+S%22">Waldherr S</searchLink>; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.; Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna 1030, Austria.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Bernaerts+K%22">Bernaerts K</searchLink>; Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AU" term="%22Aertsen+A%22">Aertsen A</searchLink>; Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, Leuven 3001, Belgium.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%227505876%22">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</searchLink> [Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A] 2026 Jun 23; Vol. 123 (25), pp. e2600726123. <i>Date of Electronic Publication: </i>2026 Jun 17.
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  Data: <i>Original Publication</i>: Washington, DC : National Academy of Sciences
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Lysogeny%22">Lysogeny*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Lysogeny+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteriophage+lambda%22">Bacteriophage lambda*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteriophage+lambda+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink> <br /><searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteriophage+lambda%22">Bacteriophage lambda*</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MM" term="%22Bacteriophage+lambda+physiology%22">physiology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Prophages%22">Prophages</searchLink>/<searchLink fieldCode="MH" term="%22Prophages+genetics%22">genetics</searchLink>
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  Data: Stable prophage establishment is considered a quintessential response of temperate phages when faced with host cell depletion. Scrutinizing this behavior in model phage λ, however, revealed that many λ-chromosomes avoid stable integration in the host chromosome, and rather assume a nonintegrated prophage-like (or pλ) state inside the cell that keeps expressing CI-based immunity and becomes asymmetrically segregated. This creates a heterogeneous population of host cells that are either i) immune by stably carrying an integrated λ prophage, ii) immune by carrying a pλ-episome, or iii) λ-free and transiently immune by segregating from a pλ-carrier. Superinfection of these immune cells drains the number of λ-virions and creates more pλ-episomes that prolong the immunity and expansion of the λ-free subpopulation. The subsequent decline in λ-virions causes cytoplasmically inherited CI-levels in λ-free siblings to dilute out, poising them for renewed lytic consumption by λ. These overlooked pλ-dynamics attenuate the importance of prophage establishment and permit a more productive phage-host coexistence.
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  Data: Competing interests statement:The authors declare no competing interest.
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  Data: 11Q4T24N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); 11H0323N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); G0C5322N Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); C14/20/087 Onderzoeksraad, KU Leuven (Research Council, KU Leuven)
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  Data: <i>Keywords: </i>Escherichia coli; Lambda; infection dynamics; temperate phage
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  Data: <i>Date Created: </i>20260617 <i>Date Completed: </i>20260617 <i>Latest Revision: </i>20260726
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      – SubjectFull: Lysogeny genetics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bacteriophage lambda genetics
        Type: general
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