Academic Journal
Recent advances in the identification of vaginal fluid for forensic applications.
| Τίτλος: | Recent advances in the identification of vaginal fluid for forensic applications. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Babar P; National Forensic Sciences University, Dharwad Campus, WALMI Campus, Near High Court, P.B. Road, Belur Industrial Area, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580011, India., Babar S; National Forensic Sciences University, Dharwad Campus, WALMI Campus, Near High Court, P.B. Road, Belur Industrial Area, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580011, India. saroj.babar@nfsu.ac.in., Ghate M; National Forensic Sciences University, Dharwad Campus, WALMI Campus, Near High Court, P.B. Road, Belur Industrial Area, Dharwad, Karnataka, 580011, India. |
| Πηγή: | International journal of legal medicine [Int J Legal Med] 2026 Sep; Vol. 140 (5), pp. 3345-3365. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 12. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Springer International Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 9101456 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1437-1596 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09379827 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Int J Legal Med Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Heidelberg, FRG : Springer International, c1990- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Body Fluids*/chemistry , Vagina*/chemistry , Forensic Medicine*/methods , Cervix Mucus*/chemistry, Semen/chemistry ; Saliva/chemistry ; Humans ; Female ; DNA Methylation ; Microbiota ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Proteomics |
| Περίληψη: | Identification of body fluids in forensic investigations is important for three main reasons: first, the type of body fluid present at the crime scene may indicate the nature and context of the crime; second, one may predict the likelihood of getting quality DNA; and third, it may help to verify or discredit the statements from the victim or suspect. Vaginal fluid (VF) is a common body fluid found at the crime scene in sexual assault cases and is usually found mixed with other body fluids like semen, saliva, and blood. Methods for identifying VF are limited compared to those for blood, semen, and saliva. The existing cytochemical methods for VF detection are destructive and have low sensitivity and specificity. Examination of VF samples using spectroscopic techniques such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy has revealed unique spectral properties. However, identifying VF with these techniques is complicated, especially when it is mixed with other body fluids. Specific proteins unique to VF have been identified through proteomic studies. New methods to detect microbiome, DNA methylation, and RNA profiles specific to VF are being developed. Although these methods hold promise for correctly identifying VF traces at crime scenes, challenges such as high cost, complex data interpretation, and limited robustness remain. Further research to integrate chemometric algorithms, simplify workflows and develop robust methods is extremely important. Developing methods to identify and detect VF traces that are quick, reliable, non-destructive, and adaptable to existing forensic workflows is the need of the hour. (© 2026. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflict of interest. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: DNA methylation; Gene expression; Non-coding RNA; Spectroscopy; Vaginal fluid; Vaginal microflora; mRNA |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260611 Date Completed: 20260822 Latest Revision: 20261008 |
| Update Code: | 20261008 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s00414-026-03875-1 |
| PMID: | 42277393 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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