Academic Journal
Polyphenol oxidase mediated substrate selectivity underlies enzymatic browning in the edible insect Antheraea pernyi pupa.
| Τίτλος: | Polyphenol oxidase mediated substrate selectivity underlies enzymatic browning in the edible insect Antheraea pernyi pupa. |
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| Συγγραφείς: | She Y; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China., Zhang J; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China., Liu Y; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China., Shao JH; College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning, China. Electronic address: shaojh024@syau.edu.cn. |
| Πηγή: | Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.) [Food Res Int] 2026 Sep 01; Vol. 239, pp. 119515. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 27. |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Published on behalf of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology by Elsevier Applied Science Country of Publication: Canada NLM ID: 9210143 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1873-7145 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 09639969 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Food Res Int Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : Published on behalf of the Canadian Institute of Food Science and Technology by Elsevier Applied Science, c1992- |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Catechol Oxidase*/metabolism , Maillard Reaction*, Chlorogenic Acid/metabolism ; Caffeic Acids/metabolism ; Phenols/metabolism ; Quercetin/analogs & derivatives ; Quercetin/metabolism ; Animals ; Substrate Specificity ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Metabolomics ; Chromatography, Liquid |
| Περίληψη: | Antheraea pernyi pupa is highly susceptible to enzymatic browning during processing, yet the endogenous phenolic substrates involved and the substrate selectivity of PPO remain poorly understood. In this study, LC-MS/MS, initial rate analysis, and untargeted metabolomics were integrated to investigate browning mediated by PPO and dependent on substrate type in A. pernyi pupa. Fourteen endogenous compounds related to phenolic metabolism and browning reactions were detected, among which taxifolin, caffeic acid, and chlorogenic acid showed clear browning potential mediated by PPO. Taxifolin exhibited the strongest catalytic response across the tested concentration range, indicating that PPO activity depended on substrate type. It also showed the highest browning activity across the tested pH range and reached its maximum at pH 6, whereas the caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid systems showed their highest activity at pH 5 and declined markedly as pH increased. After tissue disruption, visible browning developed rapidly, while total phenolic content decreased from 0.01032 to 0.00768 mg GAE/g within 2 h, corresponding to an overall reduction of 25.6%; the most pronounced decrease (18.3%) occurred within the first 0.5 h. Untargeted metabolomics further revealed clear substrate-dependent metabolic divergence and identified key oxidation-associated metabolites, including hydroquinone, pyrocatechol, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid. The browning process was also associated with perturbation of pathways related to amino acid metabolism. These results indicate that browning in A. pernyi pupa is initiated by selective oxidation of susceptible endogenous substrates and then extended through continued chemical evolution centered on quinones. This work provides a mechanistic basis for targeted browning control during the processing of A. pernyi pupa. (Copyright © 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) |
| Competing Interests: | Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. |
| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Antheraea pernyi pupa; Edible insect; Endogenous phenolics; Enzymatic browning; Metabolomics; Polyphenol oxidase; Substrate selectivity |
| Substance Nomenclature: | EC 1.10.3.1 (Catechol Oxidase) U2S3A33KVM (caffeic acid) 318ADP12RI (Chlorogenic Acid) 0 (Caffeic Acids) 0 (Phenols) 9IKM0I5T1E (Quercetin) |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260610 Date Completed: 20260613 Latest Revision: 20260613 |
| Update Code: | 20260615 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.foodres.2026.119515 |
| PMID: | 42270231 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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