Academic Journal
Exploring ocean data: comprehensive approaches to data collection and the role of public databases in facilitating the interconnection between ocean and human health.
| Τίτλος: | Exploring ocean data: comprehensive approaches to data collection and the role of public databases in facilitating the interconnection between ocean and human health. |
|---|---|
| Συγγραφείς: | Muratore A; National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy., Notargiacomo L; National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.; Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy., Mattei G; National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy., Ferrara F; National Center for Water Safety (CeNSiA), Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. |
| Πηγή: | Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2026 May 21; Vol. 14, pp. 1770936. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 21 (Print Publication: 2026). |
| Τύπος έκδοσης: | Journal Article; Review |
| Γλώσσα: | English |
| Στοιχεία περιοδικού: | Publisher: Frontiers Editorial Office Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101616579 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2296-2565 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 22962565 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Front Public Health Subsets: MEDLINE |
| Imprint Name(s): | Original Publication: Lausanne : Frontiers Editorial Office |
| Ιατρικοί όροι (MeSH): | Data Collection*/methods , Oceanography*/methods , Environmental Monitoring*/methods , Oceans and Seas* , Public Health* , Databases, Factual*, Humans ; Climate Change |
| Περίληψη: | Since the year 2000, oceanic research has seen a surge in data collection, with approximately 500,000 sets of measurements for a single variable (e.g., temperature) recorded annually. Yet, further advancements are essential to deepen understanding of climate change phenomena, pollutant propagation, and the ocean-human health nexus. Analyzing Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) designated by the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS), such as temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, phytoplankton distribution, coral cover and many others, is critical to assessing oceanic responses to anthropogenic pressures. Equally vital are persistent pollutants, antimicrobial resistance genes, human viruses, pathogenic bacteria, and micro- and nano-plastics, which underscore the inseparability of human and environmental health under an Ocean and Human Health framework. The public health sector can contribute and provide support for the continuous expansion of EOVs and this review seeks to contribute to this process, endorsing collaboration between public health experts and oceanographers to inform health policies that recognize oceans' central role in human well-being. Over decades, a wide range of tools have been developed for the scientific community to measure EOVs, ranging from those requiring human intervention to automated systems. This narrative, not exhaustive review summarizes some of primary ocean observation technologies integrated within GOOS: satellites, drifting and moored buoys, research vessels and ships of opportunity (SOO), Animal Borne Ocean Sensors (AniBOS), and unmanned vehicles. Each one is examined in detail, highlighting characteristics and landmark projects like the Argo program and the FerryBox initiative, which have profoundly shaped oceanography. Accessing EOVs collected through these programs is fundamental to contextualize the new variables. Many databases are available to facilitate this process and key information will be provided. The review also explores emerging frontiers, particularly advancements in SOO through public-private collaborations. Framed from a public health perspective, it emphasizes the pivotal role of data collection and access in elucidating ocean-human health (OHH) interactions. (Copyright © 2026 Muratore, Notargiacomo, Mattei and Ferrara.) |
| Competing Interests: | The author(s) declared that this work was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor RR declared a past co-authorship with the authors AM and LN. |
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| Contributed Indexing: | Keywords: Ships of Opportunity; marine environmental monitoring; ocean and human health; ocean data; ocean database; ocean observation system |
| Entry Date(s): | Date Created: 20260608 Date Completed: 20260611 Latest Revision: 20260813 |
| Update Code: | 20260813 |
| PubMed Central ID: | PMC13233681 |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fpubh.2026.1770936 |
| PMID: | 42254640 |
| Βάση Δεδομένων: | MEDLINE |
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